Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the humans musculoskeletal and musculotendinous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Application of mechanical physics to human motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of muscles, bones and joints as they are involved in the science of movement |
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Term
| What 3 parts of the human body can contribute to limitations in movement? |
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Definition
| Bones Muscles, and Joints |
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Term
| What is the most commonly used reference position and describe it? |
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Definition
| Anatomical Position- standing upright, facing straight ahead,feet parallel and close and hands down with palms facing forward |
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Term
| Besides the anatomical reference position what is another reference position and how does it differ from the anatomical position? |
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Definition
| the Fundamental position- it is the same as the anatomical position except the hands are down at the side and the palms are facing in. |
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Term
| The adult skeleton has how many total bones? how many of these belong to the axial skeleton? how many belong to the appendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
206 bones
80 axial bones
126 appendicular bones |
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Term
| What bones are part of the axial skeleton? |
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Definition
skull, spinal column, sternum, ribs
pelvis is also sometimes included |
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Term
| What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
| all of the bones of the upper and lower limbs |
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Term
| What are the five reference lines of the body? |
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Definition
midaxillary line
posterior axillary line
anterior axillary line
midclavicular line
midinguinal point |
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Term
| Where does the midaxillary line pass through? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the anterior axillary line pass through? |
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Definition
| parallel to the midaxillary line and through the anterior axillary skinfold |
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Term
| Where does the posterior axillary line pass through? |
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Definition
| parallel to the midaxillary line and through the posterior axiallary fold |
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Term
| Where does the midlinguinal point pass through? |
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Definition
| midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis |
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Term
| What are the body regions that the body is divided into? |
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Definition
cephalic, cervical, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs regions are focused around a main muscle or joint
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Term
| What are the 3 cardinal planes of motion? |
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Definition
Frontal (coronal) plane
Saggital plane
Transverse (horizontal) plane |
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Term
What are the 3 cardinal planes axes of rotation?
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Definition
Saggital plane- frontal axis
frontal plane-saggital (anteroposterior) axis
transverse plane- vertical axis |
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Term
| What is the diaganol plane? |
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Definition
| a combination of 2 or more planes |
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Term
| What are the five major functions of the skeleton? |
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Definition
1. protection of soft tissue
2. support to maintain posture
3. movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles and acting as levers
4. mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
5. Hematopoiesis (blood formation that occurs in red bone marrow located in vetebral bodies, femur, humerus, ribs, and sternum) |
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Term
What are the 5 different shapes of bones?
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Definition
Long bones
short bones
flat bones
sesamoin bones
irregular bones |
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Term
What are some examples of long bones?
short bones? |
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Definition
long bones: humerous, femur, fibula, phalanges, metacarpals
short bones: carpals, tarsals |
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Term
What are some examples of flat bones?
irregular bones? |
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Definition
falt bones: sternum, ribs, skull, scapula, calvicle
irregular bones: pelvis, spine |
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Term
| What are some examples of sesamoid bones? |
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Definition
| Patella, flexor tedons of the great toe and thumb |
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Term
| What is the diaphysis of a bone? |
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Definition
| the shaft (of a long bone) |
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Term
| What is the wall of the diaphysis called and what is it formed of? |
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Definition
| the wall of the diaphysis is the cortex and it is formed from compact bone |
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Term
| What covers the cortex and makes up the outer surface of the diaphysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What membrane makes up the most inner part of the diaphysis, covers the inside of the cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is within the walls of the diaphysis? |
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Definition
| Medullary (marrow cavity) |
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Term
| What is contained at each end of a lone bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| During bone growth the diaphysis and epiphysis is seperated by a thin layer of cartilage known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| The epiphysis is covered in what to provide cushioning and reduce friction? |
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Definition
| hyaline or articular cartilage |
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Term
| What is bone composed of? |
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Definition
| calcium, carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, and w ater |
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Term
| _______% of bone weight is calcium and calcium phosphate? |
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Definition
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Term
| ______% of bone weight is water? |
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Definition
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Term
Most outer bone is comprised of what type of bone?
The inner bone is typically what type of bone? |
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Definition
cortical bone makes up the outer bone while
cancellous (Trabecular) bone makes up the inner bone |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of cortical bone? |
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Definition
| harder, low porosity only 5-30% nonmineralized tissue, can withstand greater stress (pushing, pounding type force) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of cancellous (trabecular/spongy) bone? |
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Definition
| spongy, 30-90% of it volume is porous, can undergo greater strain (torsion, bending type force) |
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Term
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Definition
| a connection of bones at a joint to allow movement between the surfaces of bones |
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Term
| What are the 3 MAJOR classifications of articulations based on structure and movement characteristics? |
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Definition
synarthrodial
amphiarthrodial
diarthrodial |
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Term
| Synarthrodial joints are characterized as ______ joints. |
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Definition
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Term
| Amphiarthrodial joints are classified as ________ joints. |
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Definition
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Term
| diarthrodial joints are classified as _________ joints. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 classifications of synarthrodial joints, are they fibrous, cartliagenous or synovial and provide examples of each? |
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Definition
sutures (fibrous): skull sutures
gomphosis (fibrous): sockets of the teeth, where the teeth fit into the mandible |
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Term
| What are the 3 amphiarthrodial joints? |
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Definition
1. syndesmosis
2. symphysis
3. synchondrosis |
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Term
| what is a syndemosis joint, its structural classification (fibrous, cartilagenous, or synovial) and provide examples? |
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Definition
fibrous joint held together by ligamentous structures that provide minimal movement between bones
examples: inferior tib/fib joint and the coracoclavicular joint |
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Term
| what is a synchondrosis joint, its structural classification (fibrous, cartilagenous, or synovial) and provide examples? |
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Definition
A cartilagenous joint seperated by hyaline cartilage that allows very little movement between bones
examples: Where the ribs meet the sternum |
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Term
| what is a symphysis joint, its structural classification (fibrous, cartilagenous, or synovial) and provide examples? |
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Definition
a cartilagenous joint seperated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between bones
examples: pubic symphysis, spine (intervetebral discs) |
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Term
What are the 6 types of diarthrodial joints?
(HINT: C-GATES) |
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Definition
1. Condyloid
2. ginglymus
3. arthrodial
4. trochoid
5. enarthrodial
6. sellar
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Term
| Diarthrodial joints are also known as ______ joints |
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Definition
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Term
In a synovial joint ( such as the knee ) what forms the joint capsule that surrounds the 2 bony ends forming the joint ?
what do each of these provide? |
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Definition
synovial membrane-provides fluid
fibrous capsule-provides protection |
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Term
| The articular ends of the bones inside the joint cavity are covered in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage, what does it do? |
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Definition
| it absorbs shock and protects the bone as well as slowly absorbs synovial fluid during joint unloading and then secretes it during weight bearing |
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Term
Movement in 2 planes yields how many degrees of freedom?
how about movement in 3 planes? |
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Definition
2 planes=3 degrees of freedom
3 planes= 6 degrees of freedom |
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Term
| what is degrees of freedom? |
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Definition
| the amount of movement about the joint |
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Term
| One bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface is what type of diarthrodial joint? |
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Definition
| condyloid (biaxial ball and socket/knuckle joint) |
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Term
| What movements are possible with a condyloid joint? |
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Definition
| flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction |
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Term
| a bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface is what type of diarthrodial joint? |
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Definition
| enarthrodial (multiaxial ball and socket joint) |
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Term
What type of motions can an enarthrodial joint do?
give an example of an enarthrodial joint |
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Definition
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abduction and adduction, rotation, and circumduction
hip, shoulder are examples |
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