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KINE 1301
Chapter 9-14 Set
63
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
04/21/2009

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Appetite
Definition
The desire to eat; normally accompanies hunger but is more psychological than physiological.
Term
Hunger
Definition
The physiological impulse to seek food, prompted by the lack or shortage of basic foods needed to provide the energy and nutrients that support health
Term
Isoflavones
Definition
Chemicals found in soy - purportedly reduces the risk for various chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease.
Term
Nutrition
Definition
The science that investigates teh relaitonship between the physiological function and the essential elements of foods eaten
Term
Nutrients
Definition
The constituents of foo that sustain humans physiologically; protiens, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water.
Term
Calorie
Definition
A unit of measure that indicates the amount of energy obtained from a particular food.
Term
A healthful diet should be:
Definition
Adequate, Moderate, Balanced, Varied & Nutrient dense.
Term
Digestive Process
Definition
The process by which the body breaks down foods and either absorbs or excretes them.
Term
Dehydration
Definition
Abnormal depletion of body fluids; a result of lack of water.
Term
Proteins
Definition
The essential constituents of nearly all body cells; necessary for development and repair of bone, muscle, skin, and blood; the key elements of antibodies, enzymes and hormones.
Term
Amino Acits
Definition
The building blocks of protien.
Term
Essential amino Acids
Definition
Nine of the basic nitrogen-containing building blocks of protein, which must be obtained from foods to ensure health.
Term
Complete (high-quality) proteins
Definition
Proteins that contain all nine of the essential amino acids.
Term
Incomplete proteins
Definition
Proteins that lack one or more of the essential amino acids.
Term
Plant Sources of Protein Categories
Definition
Grains, Legumes, Seeds and Nutes
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Basic nutrients that supply the body with glucose, the energy form most commonly used to sustain normal activity.
Term
Simple Sugars
Definition
A major type of carbhydrate, which provide short-term energy.
Term
Complex Carbohydrates
Definition
A major type of carbohydrate, which provide sustained energy.
Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
Simple sugars that contain only one molecule of sugar.
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
Combinations of two monosaccharides.
Term
Cruciferous vegetables
Definition
Broccoli, Cabbage and Cauliflower.
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
Complex carbohydrates formed by the combination of long chains of sugar molecules.
Term
Cellulose
Definition
Fiber; a major form of complex carbohydrates.
Term
Glycogen
Definition
The polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in muscles.
Term
Fiber
Definition
The indigestible portion of plant foods that helps move food through the digestive system and softens stool by absorbing water.
Term
fats
Definition
Basic nutrients composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms; needed for the proper functioning of cells, insulation of body organs against shock, maintenance of body temperature, and healthy skin and hair.
Term
Triglycerides
Definition
The most common form of fat inm the body; excess calories consumed are converted into tryglycerides and stored as body fat.
Term
Cholesterole
Definition
A form of fat circulating in the blood that can accumulate on the inner walls of arteries, causing a narrowing of the channel through which blood flows.
Term
Plaque
Definition
Cholesterol buildup on the inner walls of arteries; a major cause of atherosclerosis.
Term
high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
Definition
Compounds that facilitate the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the liver for metabolism and elimination from the body.
Term
low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
Definition
Compouds that facilitate the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the body's cells.
Term
saturated fats
Definition
Fats that are unable to hold any more hydrogen in their chemical structure; derived mostly from animal sources; solid at room temperature.
Term
Unsaturated Fats
Definition
Fats that do have more room for hydrogen in their chemcial structure, dervied mostly from plants; liquid at room temperature.
Term
trans fats (trans fatty acids)
Definition
Fatty acids that are produced when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated to make them more solid.
Term
Vitamins
Definition
Essential organic compounds that promote growth and help maintain life and health
Term
Hypervitaminosis
Definition
A toxic condition caused by overuse of vitamin supplements.
Term
minerals
Definition
Inorganic, indestructible elements that aid physiological processes.
Term
Macrominerals
Definition
Minerals that the body needs in fairly large amounts.
Term
Trace minerals
Definition
Minerals that the body needs in only very small amounts.
Term
What are two essential fatty acids that we must receive from our diets?
Definition
linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.
Term
What is the recommended intake of saturated fat?
Definition
no more than 7-10 percent of your total calories.
Term
What is the recommended amount of all fat?
Definition
no more than 30 percent.
Term
anemia
Definition
Iron-defeciency disease that results from the boyd's inability to produce hemoglobin.
Term
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)
Definition
The average daily intakes of energy and nutrients considered adequate to meet the needs of most healthy people in the United States under usual conditions.
Term
Dietary REference Intakes (DRIs)
Definition
A set of nutritional values; a new combined listing, including mroe than 26 essential vitamins and minerals, that applies to healthy people.
Term
U.S. REcommended Daily Allowances (USRDAs)
Definition
Dietary guidelines developed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.s. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Term
Adequate Intake (AI)
Definition
Best estimates of nutritional needs.
Term
Tolerable Upper Intake LEvel (UL)
Definition
The hgihest amount of a nutrient that an individual can safeuly consume daily without risking adverse health effects.
Term
Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs)
Definition
REcommended ammounts of 19 vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients.
Term
Daily REference Values (DRVs)
Definition
Recommended amounts for macronutrients such as total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol.
Term
Daily Values (DVs)
Definition
Percentages listed as % DV on food and supplement labels, made up of the RDIs and DRVs together.
Term
Vegetarian:
Definition
A term with a variety of meanings. Vegans avoid all foods of animal origin; lacto-vegetarians do not eat meat or eggs but do eat dairy prodcuts; ovo-vegetarians avoid flesh foods and dairy products but do eat eggs; lacto-ovo-vegetarians avoid flesh foods but eat both dairy products and eggs; pesco-vegetarians avoid red meat but eat fish, dairy products and eggs; semivegetarians eat chicken fish, dairy products and eggs.
Term
Functional Foods
Definition
Foods believed to have specific health benefits and/or to prevent disease.
Term
Antioxidants
Definition
Substances believed to protect active people from oxidative stress and resultant tissue damage at the cellular level.
Term
Carotenoids
Definition
Fat-soluable compounds with antioxident properties.
Term
folate
Definition
A type of vitamin B believed to decrease elvels of hmocysteine, an amino acid that has been linked to vascular disease.
Term
probiotics
Definition
Live microorganisms found in or added to fermented foods; they optimize the bacterial environment in our intestines.
Term
Dietary Supplements
Definition
Vitamins and minerals taken by the mouth that are intended to supplement existing diets.+
Term
Food irradiation
Definition
Treating foods with gamma radiation from radioactive cobalt, cesium, or other sources of X rays to kill microorganisms.
Term
food allergies
Definition
Overreaction by the body to normally harmless proteins, which are perceived as allergens. In response, the body produces antibodies, triggering allergic symptoms.
Term
Food intolerance
Definition
Adverse effects resulting when people who lack the digestive chemicals needed to break down certain substances eat those substances.
Term
Organic
Definition
Grown without use of pesticides, chemicals, or hormones.
Term
The psychological impulse to seek food, prompted by the lack or shortage of basic foods needed to provide the energy and nutrients that support heath, is called
Definition
Hunger
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