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KIN 346 Chapter 2 Part 1 Key Terms
For Midterm #1
10
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
10/16/2017

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Term
Metabolism
Definition
The collective term describing all of the chemical reactions in the body.
Term
Glucose
Definition
A simple six carbon sugar and a monosaccharide (one unit sugar) that moves to all of our body's tissues through the blood. All carbohydrates are ultimately converted into glucose, which are then stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen when at rest.
Term
Glycogen
Definition
A more complex polysaccharide (multiple linked sugar molecules) that are derived from glucose. Glycogen is stored in the cytoplasm of muscle cells until the cells use it for ATP production, as well as in the liver to be converted back into glucose as needed in active tissues.
Term
Gluconeogenesis
Definition
The process of turning protein or fat into glucose. Despite this process, protein can only serve as a minor energy source, supplying 5-10% of the total energy needed for prolonged exercise. Even then, only amino acids can be used.
Term
Negative Feedback
Definition
A function that serves as a limiting agent. In controlling the rate of energy production, negative feedback takes place when a rate limiting enzyme slows enzyme activity to decrease the rate of metabolic reactions.
Term
Phosphorylation
Definition
The process of generating ATP by adding a phosphate group to ADP. Uses a considerable amount of energy.
Term
Creatine Kinase
Definition
An enzyme that catalyzes the release of energy from PCr by acting on PCr to separate phosphate (P) from creatine. The energy released then is used to add a P molecule to ADP, creating ATP.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
A method of ATP production where energy is released through the breakdown of glucose.
Term
Glycogenolysis
Definition
The process of breaking down glycogen to glucose-1 phosphate before entering the glycolysis pathway.
Term
Phosphofructokinase
Definition
Also known as PFK. It is the rate limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway that catalyzes early in the pathway, during the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6 diophosphate. An increase in ADP and P enhances PFK activity, speeding up glycolysis, while increased ATP slows it down.
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