Term
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Definition
| Gathers Info (external and internal) |
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Term
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Definition
| determines appropriate response |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It's purpose is to communicate and control the various physiological functions of the body |
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Term
| Central Nervous System (CNS) |
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Definition
-Brain and Spinal Cord
-Integrative and Control Centers
-White Matter (myelinated) -Grey Matter (unmyelinated) |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Definition
-Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves
-Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body
-2 Subdivisions
1. Sensory 2. Motor |
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Term
| Sensory (afferent) division |
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Definition
-Somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers
-Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS |
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Term
| Motor (efferent) division |
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Definition
-Motor nerve fibers
-Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)
-2 components
1. Somatic 2. Autonomic |
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Term
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Definition
-Voluntary (somatic motor)
-Conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles |
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Term
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
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Definition
-Involuntary (visceral motor)
-Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands
-2 components
1. Sympathetic 2. Parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
| Mobilizes body systems during emergency situations |
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Term
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Definition
-Conserves energy
-Promotes nonemergency functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide anchoring support for neurons and insure nutrient delivery; direct neuronal growth; take up potassium ions and used neurotransmitters (importance of Glucose) |
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Term
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Definition
| "immune cells" of the CNS; sense neuronal health and degrade harmful substances |
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Term
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Definition
| cushion the brain and spinal tissue by circulating cerebrospinal fluid with their cilia |
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Term
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Definition
| cytoplasmic extensions become insulating myelin sheaths |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
surround larger PNS fibers with myelin; peripheral nerve fiber regeneration
-(made up of myelin or fat) is to speed up the signal (like speed boosts on Mario Kart) |
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Term
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Definition
-conduct nerve impulses
-Can live over 100 years
-Are amitotic (cannot divide)
-High metabolic rate (require constant oxygen and glucose) |
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Term
| What are the Functional Components of Neurons? |
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Definition
1. Receptive Region--- dendrites
2. Conducting Component---- Axon hillock to Axon
3. Secretory component |
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Term
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Definition
-Fatty protein-lipid
-Protects and insulates
-Speeds electrical transmission
--150m/s vs. 1 m/s (unmyelinated) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-99% of Neurons
-some are motor neurons
-some are higher level sensory neurons
-3 or more processes sticking out
---like 1 axon and a bunch of dendrites |
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Term
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Definition
-have 2 processes
---1 axon and a single dendrite- extending from opposite sides of the cell body
-pretty rare
-in the retina of your eye
-most are interneurons
-all are sensory neurons |
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Term
| Unipolar (pseudounipolar) Neurons |
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Definition
-only one process extends and form the central and peripheral processes
--those together comprise the axon
-only distal endings of peripheral processes are dendrites
-found mostly in your sensory receptors
-most are sensory neurons |
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Term
Somatic Sensory Neuron (SS)
in the spinal cord |
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Definition
| Afferent input from the body |
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Term
Visceral Sensory Neuron (VS)
in the spinal cord |
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Definition
| Afferent input form the visceral organs |
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Term
Visceral motor neuron (VM)
in the spinal cord |
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Definition
| Efferent output to the visceral organs |
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Term
Somatic Motor Neuron (SM)
in the spinal cord |
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Definition
| Efferent output to the body |
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Term
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Definition
| cell bodies within the CNS |
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Term
Ganglia
in the spinal cord |
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Definition
| cell bodies within the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| neuronal processes within the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| neuronal processes within the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
Current (I) = voltage (V)/resistance (R)
-voltage (potential)
-Current (flow of charge)
-Resistance (insulators and conductors) |
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Term
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Definition
| ionic difference (potential) |
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Term
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Definition
flow of ions
-movement from pos to negative |
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Term
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Definition
plasma membrane
-P. Membrane does not let everything in; very picky
-anything that gets in the way of a current |
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Term
| Electrochemical gradients |
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Definition
-movement of opposite charges
-movement along a concentration gradient
---a difference of concentrations in one place compared to the other |
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Term
| What is Resting Membrane Potential Voltage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the inside of the cell more pos or neg than outside? |
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Definition
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Term
| what element is more inside and more out side of your cell between potassium and sodium? |
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Definition
Potassium more inside
Sodium more outside |
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Term
| Na+ and K+ are both positive, so how do we have a neg charge inside the cell? |
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Definition
| Because tissues are made up of proteins and the vast majority of them are negatively charged. More proteins on inside with potassium. |
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Term
| How does the Sodium-Potassium Pump work? |
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Definition
-you need 1 ATP
-kick 3 sodium out
-add 2 potassium in |
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Term
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Definition
A threshold of depolarization (or “threshold potential) must be reached for an action potential to fire
- -55 mV |
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Term
| Absolute Refractory Period |
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Definition
| period when no other stimulus will generate an Action Potential (sodium channels are still open) |
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Term
| Relative refractory period |
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Definition
| follows absolute refractory period, can receive another stimulus given the stimulus is strong enough |
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Term
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Definition
| Action potential jumps from node to node with sodium entering the channels |
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Term
| Why does sodium move right on it's own down an axon? |
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Definition
| because of it's positive charge and how it goes towards negative |
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Term
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Definition
-meeting point between 2 neurons
-the end of a nerve cell
-"to clasp or join"
-can be either electrical or chemical
---chemical most common |
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Term
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Definition
-most used
-take more time to send signal
-Calcium gates in presynaptic terminal
-clacium triggers exocytosis
-binding of neurotransmitter to postsynaptic membrane
-opening of ion channels |
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Term
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Definition
| A local depolarization of a neuron cell that does not meet threshold |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Excitatory postsynaptic potential |
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Definition
| local depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane pushing the membrane towards threshold ultimately leading to a graded potential |
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Term
| Inhibitory postsynaptic potential |
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Definition
| local hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane pushing the membrane away from threshold |
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