Term
| Which of the following definitions best defines “Scientific Racism:” |
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Definition
| The process of using scientific data to confirm racially prejudiced agenda |
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Term
| Incorporating findings and data from other fields or disciplines into one’s own research methodology is an example of which of the following concepts? |
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Definition
| Inter-disciplinary Studies |
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Term
| From our discussion questions, one theme that might tie both Baker chapters together is that: |
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Definition
| When “read” as a cultural “text,” sports offer insight into the moral and social values that exist within a culture. |
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Term
| “The development and maintenance of professional pride is garnered through the study of Ancient Greek beliefs about physical education” would be the best description of the thesis to which reading? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to lectures, which of the following is not a reason we discussed why kinesiologists should study history: |
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Definition
| It gives us the ammunition we need to downplay the importance of other’ more-theoretical’ disciplines |
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Term
| Working to dispel the myth that “Greece is the ideal, while Rome is the warning,” Kyle argues that new studies portray Roman sport as all of the following except: |
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Definition
| Roman’s viewed sport as primitive distraction |
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Term
| From our discussion on critical reading skills, all of the following were given as tips or recommendations except: |
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Definition
| Develop skills of skimming the text for bolded words and section titles |
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Term
| From our discussion questions, which of the following best describes why “reading” sport as a cultural “text” is a worthwhile endeavor: |
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Definition
| It provides us with valuable insights into a culture, its people, and the values they are committed to |
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Term
| The three main components you need to have in order to be prepared for class discussion with any given text are: |
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Definition
| Thesis, evidence, summary |
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Term
| In his discussion of sport serving as the “language of the common people,” Dyreson argues all of the following except: |
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Definition
| Sports teach valuable grammar and linguistic lessons |
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Term
| Thompson claimed that the importance of sport history comes from our ability to connect ourselves and our profession with history’s greatest thinkers and noblest ideals so that we might generate an even deeper sense of meaning in our work. Which of the following best defines this concept? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F In his critical literature review, Kyle argues that the best way to view the contributions to modern-day society from ancient Greek culture is to regard ancient Greece in isolation from other ancient cultures; i.e. no overlap between cultures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kyle’s article, “Directions in Sport History,” argued that we should seek a more “interdisciplinary approach to sport history.” This most nearly means: |
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Definition
| We should seek to understand sport history in broad and inclusive ways to see how sport relates to culture |
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Term
| Vertinsky argued that which of the following had to happen first in order for sports medicine to be commercialized, leading to important technological advances that allowed it to flourish and become a full-blown medical sub-discipline? |
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Definition
| Acknowledgement and commitment of athletes to the advantages of sports medicine |
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Term
| T/F Adelman claims that trotting – otherwise known as harness racing – experienced a significant rise in commercialization and modernization during a fifty year period in the middle of the nineteenth century, and was thus the first modern sport in America. |
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Definition
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Term
| Adelman argues that trotting was more innovative than horse racing due to which of the following factors? |
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Definition
| The social background of those involved & Not being inhibited by English traditions |
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Term
| T/F Vertinsky argued that the “realm of risk” and the “culture of precaution” are two opposing views on the relationship between injury and sports, and that it is of utmost importance that the athlete and their sports medicine practitioner discuss their views about this distinction before they begin working together. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two aspects of American society between 1840 and 1860 does Adelman identify as the primary reasons that led harness racing to be commercialized and modernized? |
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Definition
| Urbanization & Economic Growth |
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Term
| Kyle argues that in their attempt to approach Roman sport in a more objective and un-biased manner, multiple scholars have tried to “understand the Roman mind and the sociology of Rome through a study of its public games.” This is most nearly an example of which of the following concepts: |
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Definition
| That sports can be ‘read’ as a cultural ‘text’ |
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Term
| To sum up his argument for why trotting surged to the forefront of the world of modern spectator sports, Adelman says that the organizers of trotting races placed a higher premium on ___________ rather than ____________, and ________ rather than ________: |
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Definition
| innovation; tradition & cash; class |
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Term
| Adelman argues that “manipulation theory” and the concept of “hippodroming” were directly related to the skepticism created by all of the following factors, except: |
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Definition
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Term
| In Baker’s “Organized Greek Games,” he identifies qualities such as strength and speed as forming the foundations of Olympic events. Why does he believe ‘water sports,’ such as swimming, diving, rowing, and sailing are conspicuously absent from competition? |
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Definition
| Greece is mostly surrounded by the water |
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Term
| Dyreson argues that Jesse Owens and his fellow African American Olympians simultaneously symbolized both _____________________ and _________________: |
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Definition
| the process of nation-making; the process of marking racial differences |
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Term
| T/F Dyreson claims that if we want to better understand the construction of modern societies we should focus our inquiry on the racial dynamic present in sport; and that other factors have very little to do with national identity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes what Dyreson meant when he contended that sport exists as a “magic touchstone” within a culture? |
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Definition
| Observing a culture’s sports gives clues into how people live, work and think. |
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Term
| T/F In Baker’s chapter, “Organized Greek Games,” he explains that the original site of the Ancient Olympic boasted lavish facilities, adorned with costly building materials, often drawing upwards of 100,000 spectators. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lansbury argues that the _______ press was mainly responsible for constructing _____________________ identity more in terms of race. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Dyreson argued forcefully that sport is a highly effective, accurate and indispensable tool for scientific data collection, and that we should be looking for more ways to incorporate the data we receive from sporting results into our scientific investigations. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Dyreson, which of the following best describes the ways scientific racism was used: |
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Definition
| To confirm white supremacy & argue for African American inferiority |
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Term
| Why does Dyreson claim that Boughera El Ouafi’s Marathon victory at the 1928 Olympic Games “undermined the standard racial calculus employed by athletic experts?” |
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Definition
| Because he was the first non-European to win an Olympic Marathon race. |
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Term
| Kyle explains in his article that the Hellenistic period should be seen as an age of transition and a period of mutual influence between the _________ and ________ understandings of sport. |
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Definition
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Term
| Once the data no longer reflected Northern European/Nordic athletic supremacy, Dyreson claims that racial science underwent a “radical paradigm shift.” This shift in scientific mentality toward racial differences led to which of the following: |
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Definition
| The Myth of Black Athletic Superiority |
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Term
| The collection of ancient games (Pythian, Isthmean, Nemean, and Olympian) formed which of the following: |
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Definition
| The Panhellenic Games/Circuit |
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Term
| T/F Baker explains that the victors of Olympic contests were held to the standards of amateurism, and any cash prize or other type of compensation for the athlete would result in an immediate disqualification from the games and permanent ban from all other competition. |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Lansbury believe most significantly led to the increased involvement of African American women in track & field in the 1940s? |
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Definition
| A lack of participation by white women due to perceived ‘masculinization’ it caused. |
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Term
| What did Baker identify as the primary reason why Ancient Greeks did not include ball games into their schedule of Olympic events? |
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Definition
| They were seen as mere exercise, played mostly by women and children. |
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Term
| Baker argues that the Roman attitude toward sport differed from the Greek attitude in that Romans saw sport as: |
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Definition
| A spectacle, and as having military practicality |
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Term
| Which of the following concepts does this quote best exemplify: “Although the distribution of corn and money may satisfy the individual, spectacles are necessary for the contentment of the masses”? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The rise of Christianity as the dominant religion in Imperial Rome was offered by Baker in his chapter, “The Decline and Fall of Athletics,” as the only reason why both the Roman Games and the Olympic Games came to an end. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dyreson contends that ______________ has led to _________________, rather than shattering myths. |
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Definition
| Scientific racism; perpetuating racist stereotypes |
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Term
| Branch offered which of the following rules as an example of how the NCAA operates like a professionalized league: |
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Definition
| The institution of the one-year-renewable scholarship |
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Term
| In the movie, Schooled: The Price of College Sports, Arian Foster claimed that the relationship between the NCAA and student-athletes was almost identical to a contract for indentured servitude. Which of the following best describes this? |
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Definition
| To provide food, shelter, and work experience for a certain period of time without pay |
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the “Sanity Code” Branch describes in his article? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following does Branch refer to as “cynical hoaxes – legalistic confections propagated by the universities so that they can exploit the skills and fame of young athletes”? |
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Definition
| Student-Athlete & Amateurism |
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Term
| Which of the following concepts did Branch argue began in the late 19thcentury in England as a way to keep the working-class from having to interact with members of the elite British aristocracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| While President __________ initially started the NCAA in order to clean up the sport of college football and to protect players from serious injury, a part-time employee named, _____________ was responsible for turning the organization into the powerful entity it is today. |
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Definition
| Theodore Roosevelt; Walter Byers |
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Term
| As we learned in the movie Schooled: The Price of College Sports, the University of North Carolina was investigated for offering “independent studies” courses that require only one paper to be submitted at the end of the semester, designed for student-athletes to enroll in and thus make it easier to maintain eligibility These classes are also known as which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes what Dyreson meant when he discussed “low-brow racism”? |
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Definition
| A form of scientific racism that uses data to confirm prejudiced beliefs |
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Term
| Which of the following reasons best explains why Walter Byers and the NCAA created the term “student-athlete”? |
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Definition
| It provided a clever way to circumvent the financial issues associated with employees, such as Workman’s Compensation claims |
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Term
| T/F Branch argues that, rather than the exact amount of the student-athlete’s compensation, the violation of their basic human rights is the most fundamental and important issue at stake in the “Pay for Play” debate surrounding intercollegiate athletics and the NCAA. |
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Definition
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