Shared Flashcard Set

Details

KIN 2303 exam 3
Muscular contractions/nervous systems
98
Fitness
Undergraduate 2
10/16/2019

Additional Fitness Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
____is muscle loss due to aging
Definition
Sarcopenia
Term
Steps of sliding filament theory
Definition
1. Motor nerve activated the muscle fiber 2. Myosin head attaches to actin 3. Cross bridge moves 4. Actin filaments move and sarcomere shortens
Term
_____is the ability to resist fatigue in strength performance of longer duration and is important in sports such as wrestling, boxing, and gymnastics
Definition
Muscular endurance
Term
The muscle that is responsible for the action is the _____
Definition
Agonist
Term
The muscle that opposes the action/opposes the agonist is the_____
Definition
Antagonist
Term
Jenna’s deadlift 1RM is 350 and she weighs 175. What is Jenna’s relative strength
Definition
Max strength divided by total weight=relative strength
2
Term
Which muscle fiber type is fast twitch?
Definition
Type 2
Term
Which connective tissue surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers?
Definition
Perimysium
Term
True or false:caffeine can reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?
Definition
False: it can help delay ACUTE muscle soreness
Term
What is the greatest area of weakness in the range of motion known as in weightlifting?
Definition
Sticking point
Term
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that can occur with training: fiber diameter, inter muscular coordination, capillary density, density of fibers?
Definition
Increase number of muscle fibers
Term
Concentric muscle contraction
Definition
Muscle shortens
Term
Eccentric muscle contraction
Definition
Muscle lengthens
Term
Isokinetic
Definition
Same speed over the entire range of motion
Term
Plyometric
Definition
Fast eccentric followed by concentric
Term
Which protein myofilament found in the sarcomere is the thin filament
Definition
Actin
Term
A_____is a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
Definition
Motor unit
Term
When treating DOMS, how long should ice and mild heat be used?
Definition
48 hours
Term
________Nerves transmit information from the sensory receptors to the CNS
Definition
Sensory
Term
Type 1 fibers are recruited with stronger neural impulse and for a high resistance task and type 2 fibers are recruited with a weaker neural impulse and for low resistance task. True or false? Explain.
Definition
False, type 2 require higher neural impulse
Term
What does the All or none principal state?
Definition
A neural impulse of a certain magnitude is required to cause the innervated fibers to contract
Term
Slow oxidative/slow twitch fibers
Definition
Type I
Term
Fast twitch muscle fibers
Definition
Type IIa
Type IIb
Term
Fast glycolytic fiber
Definition
Type IIb
Term
Fast oxidative glycolytic fiber
Definition
Type IIa
Term
(Type I) characteristics
Definition
Slow twitch (slow contraction)
Small fibers
Fatigue resistant
Aerobic oxidative energy supply
Appear red
Term
(Type II) fiber characteristics
Definition
Fast twitch (fast contraction)
Larger fibers
Easily fatigued
Anaerobic energy supply
Appear white
Term
Type IIa characteristics
Definition
Greater capacity for aerobic metabolism and resistance to fatigue
White in color
Term
Can we alter muscle fiber distribution by training?
Definition
No.
Term
agonist muscle
Definition
Prime mover and producing desired effect
Term
Antagonist muscle
Definition
Opposing the action
Term
3 types of muscle
Definition
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Term
Cardiac muscle characteristics
Definition
Muscle of the heart
Involuntary contraction
Very fatigue resistant
Term
Smooth muscle characteristics
Definition
Blood vessels organs
Involuntary contraction
Very fatigue resistant
Term
Skeletal muscle
Definition
Supporting and moving the skeleton
Voluntary contraction
Term
Which muscle type allows for heat production, postural support, breathing, and locomotion
Definition
Skeletal muscle
Term
Origin
Definition
The end of the muscle attached to the bone that does NOT move
Term
Insertion
Definition
The end of the muscle attached to the bone that DOES move
Term
Tendon
Definition
Bundles of collagen fibers attaching the muscle to the bone
Term
What is the gross structure of skeletal muscle
Definition
Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, fascicle, sarcolemma
Term
Epimysium
Definition
Surrounds entire muscle
Term
Perimysium
Definition
Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers
(Fascicles)
Term
Endomysium
Definition
Surrounds individual muscle fibers
Term
Sarcolemma
Definition
Muscle cell membrane
Term
Micro structure of muscle fibers
Definition
muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere, actin, myosin
Term
Muscle fiber
Definition
Muscle cell
Cell respiration organelles
Term
Sarcomere
Definition
Contractile units within each myofibril, consists of two types of protein myofilaments: actin and myosin
Term
Thin filament
Definition
Actin
Term
Thick filament
Definition
Myosin
Term
H zone
Definition
Space between the ends of the actin
Term
M line
Definition
Middle of the sarcomere, only contains myosin
Term
Z line
Definition
Defines the sarcomere
Term
I band
Definition
Area between the sarcomeres
Term
A band
Definition
Area that includes myosin
Term
Components of skeletal muscle
Definition
Muscle belly, muscle fiber bundle,
Muscle fiber, myofibril
Term
Each myosin is surrounded by how many actin filaments?
Definition
Six actin filaments
Term
Sliding filament theory
Definition
Muscular contraction is caused by the sliding of actin filament over myosin filament
Term
Detail sliding filament theory
Definition
Motor nerve activates muscle fiber, myosin head attaches to actin, cross bridge moves, actin filaments move and sarcomere shortens. the actin and myosin filaments within the sarcomeres of muscle fibres bind to create cross-bridges and slide past one another, creating a contraction.
Term
Motor unit
Definition
A motor neuron (nerve) and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Term
Precise movements require?
Definition
Large number of motor units
Few muscle fibers per unit.
Eye or finger muscles
Term
Less precise movements?
Definition
Fewer motor units
Many fibers per unit
Term
All or none principle
Definition
A neutral impulse of a certain magnitude or strength is required to cause the innervated fibers to contract.(every motor unit has a specific threshold)
Term
Are all thresholds for neural impulse the same for all muscles?
Definition
No.
Term
Which twitch muscle fiber requires higher neural impulse threshold?
Definition
Fast twitch
Term
Nervous system parts
Definition
Central nervous system:brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system:Motor and sensory nerves
Term
What does peripheral nervous system do
Definition
Sensory nerves: transmit info from sensory receptors to central nervous system.
Motor nerves: transmit information from cns to skeletal musicales
Term
How many motor units are in muscle fiber?
Definition
1:1
Term
Muscle response
Definition
Acute changes that occur during and immediately after an exercise session
Term
Muscle adaptation
Definition
Chronic changes that occur after repeated exercise training sessions over a period of time (months)
Term
Muscle adaptation examples
Definition
Intramuscular coordination
Frequency of nerve stimulation
Muscle fiber size (hypertrophy)
Elasticity of muscles and tendons
Energy stores in muscles
Capillary density of muscles
Term
What is not a muscle adaptation of training
Definition
Increasing number of muscle fibers
Changing muscle fiber composition FT or ST
Term
Inter muscular coordination
Definition
Recruitment of motor units in primary movers and synergists, and inhibiting motor unit is in antagonists
Term
Intra muscular coordination
Definition
Recruitment of motor units within the same muscle
Term
Types of muscle contractions
Definition
Static
Dynamic
Term
Types of dynamic muscle contractions
Definition
Concentric, eccentric, isokinetic, plyometric
Term
Static contraction breakdown
Definition
Isometric contraction
Maximal
No visible change in muscle length
No work is performed
Term
Work =
Definition
Force x distance
Term
Which types of sports require maximal contractions
Definition
Holding events of gymnastics
Shooting
Term
Another term for dynamic contractions
Definition
Submaximal
Term
What happens in concentric contractions
Definition
Muscle overcomes load and shortening of muscle
Flexion
Term
What happens during Eccentric contractions
Definition
Muscle lengthens and muscle is overcome by a load
Extension
Term
Isokinetic contraction
Definition
ISO=same or constant
Kinetic=motion
Constant speed contraction
Strengthen muscle at all joint angles
Term
Which sports contain isokinetic movements?
Definition
Swimming and rowing may require
Term
Plyometric contraction
Definition
An eccentric loading and stretching of muscles followed by concentric contraction
Term
What assists plyometric contraction
Definition
Golgi tendon organ reflex: causes muscle to contract to protect from too much stretch
Term
Relative strength
Definition
Proportion of maximal strength relative to body mass
Term
How to find relative strength
Definition
Maximal strength divided by body mass
Term
Maximal strength
Definition
The ability of the athlete to perform maximal voluntary muscular contractions in order to overcome powerful external resistances
Term
Muscular strength
Definition
the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against resistance
Term
Muscular endurance
Definition
Also known as strength endurance is the ability of an athlete to resist fatigue in strength performance of longer duration
Term
A negative relationship exists between what?
Definition
Relative strength and body mass
Term
Best way to increase relative strength
Definition
Maintain body mass and increase strength
Term
Greater body mass=
Definition
Greater strength
Term
Strength is determined by
Definition
Lean body mass volume
Term
Power
Definition
Sometimes referred to as speed strength, is the ability of an athlete to overcome external resistance by developing a high rate of muscular contraction
Term
Max strength and power
Definition
High level of maximal strength is an invariable prerequisite for movements in med-high resistance training. Max strength training can benefit the development of power
Term
Sarcopenia
Definition
Muscle loss do to aging (decrease in fast twitch)
30-70 you have 30% loss
Term
Why do women have less body mass?
Definition
Less muscle and more adipose tissue (fat)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!