Term
| ____is muscle loss due to aging |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps of sliding filament theory |
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Definition
| 1. Motor nerve activated the muscle fiber 2. Myosin head attaches to actin 3. Cross bridge moves 4. Actin filaments move and sarcomere shortens |
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Term
| _____is the ability to resist fatigue in strength performance of longer duration and is important in sports such as wrestling, boxing, and gymnastics |
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Definition
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Term
| The muscle that is responsible for the action is the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The muscle that opposes the action/opposes the agonist is the_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Jenna’s deadlift 1RM is 350 and she weighs 175. What is Jenna’s relative strength |
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Definition
Max strength divided by total weight=relative strength
2 |
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Term
| Which muscle fiber type is fast twitch? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which connective tissue surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false:caffeine can reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)? |
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Definition
| False: it can help delay ACUTE muscle soreness |
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Term
| What is the greatest area of weakness in the range of motion known as in weightlifting? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that can occur with training: fiber diameter, inter muscular coordination, capillary density, density of fibers? |
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Definition
| Increase number of muscle fibers |
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Term
| Concentric muscle contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| Eccentric muscle contraction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Same speed over the entire range of motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Fast eccentric followed by concentric |
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Term
| Which protein myofilament found in the sarcomere is the thin filament |
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Definition
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Term
| A_____is a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates |
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Definition
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Term
| When treating DOMS, how long should ice and mild heat be used? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________Nerves transmit information from the sensory receptors to the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| Type 1 fibers are recruited with stronger neural impulse and for a high resistance task and type 2 fibers are recruited with a weaker neural impulse and for low resistance task. True or false? Explain. |
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Definition
| False, type 2 require higher neural impulse |
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Term
| What does the All or none principal state? |
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Definition
| A neural impulse of a certain magnitude is required to cause the innervated fibers to contract |
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Term
| Slow oxidative/slow twitch fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Fast twitch muscle fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fast oxidative glycolytic fiber |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Slow twitch (slow contraction)
Small fibers
Fatigue resistant
Aerobic oxidative energy supply
Appear red |
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Term
| (Type II) fiber characteristics |
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Definition
Fast twitch (fast contraction)
Larger fibers
Easily fatigued
Anaerobic energy supply
Appear white |
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Term
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Definition
Greater capacity for aerobic metabolism and resistance to fatigue
White in color |
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Term
| Can we alter muscle fiber distribution by training? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Prime mover and producing desired effect |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle |
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Term
| Cardiac muscle characteristics |
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Definition
Muscle of the heart
Involuntary contraction
Very fatigue resistant |
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Term
| Smooth muscle characteristics |
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Definition
Blood vessels organs
Involuntary contraction
Very fatigue resistant |
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Term
|
Definition
Supporting and moving the skeleton
Voluntary contraction |
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Term
| Which muscle type allows for heat production, postural support, breathing, and locomotion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The end of the muscle attached to the bone that does NOT move |
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Term
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Definition
| The end of the muscle attached to the bone that DOES move |
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Term
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Definition
| Bundles of collagen fibers attaching the muscle to the bone |
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Term
| What is the gross structure of skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, fascicle, sarcolemma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers
(Fascicles) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Surrounds individual muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Micro structure of muscle fibers |
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Definition
| muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere, actin, myosin |
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Term
|
Definition
Muscle cell
Cell respiration organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Contractile units within each myofibril, consists of two types of protein myofilaments: actin and myosin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Space between the ends of the actin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Middle of the sarcomere, only contains myosin |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Area between the sarcomeres |
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Term
|
Definition
| Area that includes myosin |
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Term
| Components of skeletal muscle |
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Definition
Muscle belly, muscle fiber bundle,
Muscle fiber, myofibril |
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Term
| Each myosin is surrounded by how many actin filaments? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular contraction is caused by the sliding of actin filament over myosin filament |
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Term
| Detail sliding filament theory |
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Definition
| Motor nerve activates muscle fiber, myosin head attaches to actin, cross bridge moves, actin filaments move and sarcomere shortens. the actin and myosin filaments within the sarcomeres of muscle fibres bind to create cross-bridges and slide past one another, creating a contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A motor neuron (nerve) and all the muscle fibers it innervates |
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Term
| Precise movements require? |
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Definition
Large number of motor units
Few muscle fibers per unit.
Eye or finger muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Fewer motor units
Many fibers per unit |
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Term
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Definition
| A neutral impulse of a certain magnitude or strength is required to cause the innervated fibers to contract.(every motor unit has a specific threshold) |
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Term
| Are all thresholds for neural impulse the same for all muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which twitch muscle fiber requires higher neural impulse threshold? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Central nervous system:brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system:Motor and sensory nerves |
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Term
| What does peripheral nervous system do |
|
Definition
Sensory nerves: transmit info from sensory receptors to central nervous system.
Motor nerves: transmit information from cns to skeletal musicales |
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Term
| How many motor units are in muscle fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Acute changes that occur during and immediately after an exercise session |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chronic changes that occur after repeated exercise training sessions over a period of time (months) |
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Term
| Muscle adaptation examples |
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Definition
Intramuscular coordination
Frequency of nerve stimulation
Muscle fiber size (hypertrophy)
Elasticity of muscles and tendons
Energy stores in muscles
Capillary density of muscles |
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|
Term
| What is not a muscle adaptation of training |
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Definition
Increasing number of muscle fibers
Changing muscle fiber composition FT or ST |
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Term
| Inter muscular coordination |
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Definition
| Recruitment of motor units in primary movers and synergists, and inhibiting motor unit is in antagonists |
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|
Term
| Intra muscular coordination |
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Definition
| Recruitment of motor units within the same muscle |
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Term
| Types of muscle contractions |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of dynamic muscle contractions |
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Definition
| Concentric, eccentric, isokinetic, plyometric |
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Term
| Static contraction breakdown |
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Definition
Isometric contraction
Maximal
No visible change in muscle length
No work is performed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which types of sports require maximal contractions |
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Definition
Holding events of gymnastics
Shooting |
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Term
| Another term for dynamic contractions |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in concentric contractions |
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Definition
Muscle overcomes load and shortening of muscle
Flexion |
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Term
| What happens during Eccentric contractions |
|
Definition
Muscle lengthens and muscle is overcome by a load
Extension |
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|
Term
|
Definition
ISO=same or constant
Kinetic=motion
Constant speed contraction
Strengthen muscle at all joint angles |
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|
Term
| Which sports contain isokinetic movements? |
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Definition
| Swimming and rowing may require |
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Term
|
Definition
| An eccentric loading and stretching of muscles followed by concentric contraction |
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Term
| What assists plyometric contraction |
|
Definition
| Golgi tendon organ reflex: causes muscle to contract to protect from too much stretch |
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Term
|
Definition
| Proportion of maximal strength relative to body mass |
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|
Term
| How to find relative strength |
|
Definition
| Maximal strength divided by body mass |
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Term
|
Definition
| The ability of the athlete to perform maximal voluntary muscular contractions in order to overcome powerful external resistances |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as strength endurance is the ability of an athlete to resist fatigue in strength performance of longer duration |
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Term
| A negative relationship exists between what? |
|
Definition
| Relative strength and body mass |
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Term
| Best way to increase relative strength |
|
Definition
| Maintain body mass and increase strength |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strength is determined by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sometimes referred to as speed strength, is the ability of an athlete to overcome external resistance by developing a high rate of muscular contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
| High level of maximal strength is an invariable prerequisite for movements in med-high resistance training. Max strength training can benefit the development of power |
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Term
|
Definition
Muscle loss do to aging (decrease in fast twitch)
30-70 you have 30% loss |
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|
Term
| Why do women have less body mass? |
|
Definition
| Less muscle and more adipose tissue (fat) |
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