Term
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Definition
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Term
| true capsule, perirenal fat, gerota's fascia |
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Definition
| what are the three layers of protection for the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the most inner layer of the kidney that is used for protection and surrounds the renal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| what layer surrounds the true capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| the adrenal glands are separated from the kidney by which protection layer |
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Term
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Definition
| what layer encloses both the adrenal gland and kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| the cortex is slightly ? echogenic than the normal liver -- has ? level echoes |
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Term
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Definition
| triangular, hypoechoic area between the cortex and sinus |
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Term
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Definition
| Pyramids are separated from each other by ? |
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Term
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Definition
| inner echogenic region of the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| superior end of the ureter is expanded and forms a funnel-shaped sac |
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Term
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Definition
| the renal pelvis is located within the renal ? |
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Term
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Definition
| the apex of the medullary pyramid is called ? |
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Term
| pregnany in the right kidney |
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Definition
| maternal pyelocaliectasis occurs when and in which kindey? |
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Term
-maintain salt/water balance
-regulate the fluid volume
-maintain acid/base balanace
-BP |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lab value that is elevated with renal dysfunction and occurs when the functioning unit (nephron) is destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| lab value that is elevated whtn there is acute/chronic renal disease or urinary obstruction. Decrease may occur with overhydration, liver failure, or pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| What happens to the BUN when you are overhydrated or pregnant |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the most common anomalies is ? |
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Term
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Definition
| when the kindey is not within the renal fossa |
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Term
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Definition
| when the kidney fails to ascend out of the pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common form of fusion anomaly |
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Term
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Definition
| what pole does horseshoe kideny usually affect? |
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Term
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Definition
| single functioning kidney with the ipsilateral atrophied kidney |
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Term
| unilateral renal agenesis |
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Definition
| absence of one kidney + ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| duplication of the kidney, pelvis, and ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| bilateral renal agenesis is ? to life |
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Term
| hypertrophied column of Bertin |
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Definition
| prominent cortical tissue int he medulla <3cm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bulge of cortical tissue on the lateral aspect of the L kidney |
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Term
| autosomal recessive/Potter Type 1 |
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Definition
| infantile PKD is known as ? ? PKD |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the least common but most fatal PKD that occurs more in females? |
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Term
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Definition
| bilateral enlarged echogenic kidneys with cysts |
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Term
| autosomal dominant, Potter Type III |
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Definition
| Adult PKD is also known as ?? PKD |
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Term
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Definition
| present with decreasing renal function, hypertension, flank pain, bilateral enlarged kidney with cortical cysts and lose shape |
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Term
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Definition
| juvenile onset of PKD is ? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absence of renal jet and an RI < 0.7 will confirm the diagnosis of? |
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Term
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Definition
| stricture, renal caliculi, blood clot, ureterocele are all causes of ? |
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Term
| extrinisic hydronephrosis |
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Definition
| pregnancy, bladder neck obstruction, trauma, pelbic masses are all characteristic of ? |
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Term
| false-positive hydronephrosis |
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Definition
| test result positive when not true -- occurs due to overdistended bladder, parapelvic cyst |
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Term
| false-negative hydronephrosis |
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Definition
| test worngly excludes hydroneohrosis and is caused by dehydration or intermittent obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are men or women more prone to nephrolithiasis |
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Term
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Definition
| twinkle sign is associated with what? |
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Term
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Definition
| large stones located in the central portion of the kidney, collecting system, and takes shape of calyces |
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Term
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Definition
| seen in 50% of patients over 55 |
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Term
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Definition
| cyst that originates in the ranal parenchyma and is seen in the renal hilum -- possible hypertension and pain |
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Term
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Definition
| simple cyst that becomes infected, increase in leukocytes, pain |
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Term
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Definition
| 6% of cysts will do this, increase incidence in PKD, complex echoes |
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Term
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Definition
| 2% of all renal cysts will do this, echogenic foci, bright walls attenuate sound |
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Term
| renal abscess (carbuncle) |
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Definition
| fever, chills flank pain, increased WBCC, complex echoes, walls thick/irregular, dirty shadow |
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Term
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Definition
| obstruction within the collecting system by a stone or stricture |
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Term
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Definition
| obstruction by a mass compressing teh ureter or bladder outlet |
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Term
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Definition
| calices, infundibula, and renal pelvis dilated due to obstruction of urine flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Dilation of collecting system with thinning of parenchyma |
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Term
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Definition
| huge anechoic collectig system with lose of shape and very little parenchyma |
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Term
| angiomyolipoma (renal hamatoma) |
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Definition
| tumor composed of fat, muscle, blood vessels |
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Term
| angiomyolipoma (renal hamatoma) |
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Definition
| more common in women with flank pain, hematuria, hypertension, hichly echogeinc mass in cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| angiomyolipoma (renal hamatoma) are found where in the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| benign, asymptomatic, painless hematuria, found in cortex |
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Term
| hypernephroma, adenocarcinoma, RCC |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| affects males after 50, hematuria, increased vascular supply, mets to bone heart and brain |
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Term
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Definition
| unilateral, solitary, encapsulated, mets common |
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Term
| Transitional cell carcinoma |
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Definition
| occurs in renal pelvis, painless hematuria, invasive tumor not well defined |
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Term
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Definition
| malignant solid mass with low lever internal echoes, increased through transmission |
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Term
| Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma) |
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Definition
| most common malignancy of renal orgin in kids |
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Term
| Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma) |
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Definition
| abdominal mass, hypertension, nausea, hematuria, early encapsulated |
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Term
| increaed BUN and Creatinine |
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Definition
| lab values of chronic obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| lab values in acute obstruction |
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Term
| increased BUN and creatinine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| arteriosclerosis of the renal arteries, resulting in ischemia of kidneys -- dev's rapidly with severe hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| occlusion or stenosis of RA |
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Term
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Definition
| any narrowing of the RA will afffect the blood flow to kidney, resulting in atrophy and decreased renal function |
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Term
| congestive heart failure CHF |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ? will increase the intravascular pressure and decrease blood flow to kidney |
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Term
| Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) |
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Definition
| most common cause of acute renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
| infection is the most common disease of the urinary tract. Bacteria ascending from the urinary bladder or lymph nodes to kideny usually cuases infection |
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Term
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Definition
| frequently follows other infections |
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Term
| diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, gout, and nephrocalcinosis |
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Definition
| metabolic disorders associated with renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
| what happens to the ehcogenicity when you go from acute to chronic renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
| acute renal failure the kindey is of what size |
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Term
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Definition
| what happens to the medullary/cortical junction in acute renal failure |
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic renal failure has what size kidneys |
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Term
| Type 1 Renal Medical Disease (RMD) |
|
Definition
| increased cortical (cortex) echogenicity caused by glomerular infiltrate |
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Term
| Type 2 Renal Medical Disease |
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Definition
| distortion of normal anatomy involving cortex and meduallary pyramids, focal lesions (cyst, abscess, hematoma, PKD) |
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Term
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Definition
| transplanted kidney is placed within the ? |
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Term
|
Definition
| a baseline sonogram is performed w/in ? hrs post op to evaluate size, shape |
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Term
|
Definition
| the most serious sign of transplant rejection |
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|
Term
| fever, pain decreased urine output |
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Definition
| clinical signs of renal rejection |
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|
Term
| increased BUN and Creatinine |
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Definition
| lab resultes from transplant renal failure |
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Term
|
Definition
| enlarged kidney with increased cortical echoes, decreased renal sinus echoes, irregular sonolucent areas in cortex, enlarged/decreased echoes of pyramids, distortion of renal outline |
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Term
|
Definition
| common fluid collections associated with transplanted kidneys are lymphocele, urinoma, abscess and hematoma -- ? fluid collections |
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Term
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Definition
| confluence of several small abscesses |
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Term
| abscess (renal carbuncle) |
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Definition
| perinephric fluid collection associated with flank pain, high WBCC, fever, echogenic with irregular thick walls, shadow within caused by gas |
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Term
|
Definition
| perinephric fluid collection associated with drop in hematocrit |
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Term
|
Definition
| perinephric fluid collection associated with an encapsulated collection of urine, anechoic |
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Term
|
Definition
| perinephric fluid collection associated with collection of lymphatic fluid, anechoic |
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Term
|
Definition
| renal medical disease associted with dysuria, 90% females, frequent urination, fever, leukocytosis, enlarged kidneys, enlarged corticomedullary area with decreased echoegenicity and loss of definition btw the cortex and medulla |
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Term
|
Definition
| renal medical disease associted with recurrent UTI's, males/females, proteinura, small kidneys, parenchymal thinning, increased echoes due to fibrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| renal medical disease associted with immunological reaction in which antigen-antibody complexes in the circulation are trapped in glomeruli |
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Term
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Definition
| most common cause of renal failure |
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Term
|
Definition
| decreased blood flow to and from kidney, most common cause of acute renal failure may result from ischemia, enlarged kidney in AP diameter, normal parenchyma, pyramids more prominant |
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