Term
| proteinuria usually originates in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 reasons for proteinuria |
|
Definition
1. Benign (acute illness, exercise, orthostatic)
2. Overload d/t overprod (Benz-Jones, rhabdo, hemolysis)
3. Destruction of glomerular cell allowing leakage
4. Inability to reabsorb (tubular proteinuria) |
|
|
Term
| best test for proteinuria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which test evaluates proteinuria with loss of renal fxn? |
|
Definition
U protein / U creatinine
--> if so BX! |
|
|
Term
| what is used to tx proteinuria? |
|
Definition
ACE-I
decr and slows renal dz |
|
|
Term
| this is sign of early renal dz (esp in diabetic pts) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microalbuminuria is defined as |
|
Definition
| excretion of 30-150 mg protein/day |
|
|
Term
| hematuria is significant if |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can cause false + dipstick for hematuria |
|
Definition
| vit C, beets, rhubarb, bacteria, and myoglobin |
|
|
Term
| gross blood in urine is always ______ until proven otherwise? |
|
Definition
Bladder CA
(transitional cell carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| Upper tract causes of hematuria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower tract causes of hematuria |
|
Definition
bladder CA until proven otherwise
infxn
**If microscopic, think BPH in males |
|
|
Term
| what type of hematuria is common |
|
Definition
exercise induced
** if suspected repeat UA in 2-3 days!! |
|
|
Term
| Proteinuria w/ casts suggest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dysuria, bacteriuria, and + Cx = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what must be done to ensure resolution after tx of a specific cause of hematuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sudden decr in renal fxn, and abnorm w/ BUN and Creatinine suggests |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SUDDEN incr in BUN or serum creatinine suggests |
|
Definition
acute renal failure
** look for oliguria! |
|
|
Term
| Least common cause of acute renal failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of acute renal failure? |
|
Definition
PRE-RENAL!!
--> insufficient blood flow to kidney |
|
|
Term
| causes of pre-renal kidney failure |
|
Definition
hypovolemia
change in vasc resistance
low cardiac output |
|
|
Term
| causes of post renal failure |
|
Definition
| obstxn from stones/tumors/BPH ect |
|
|
Term
| causes of intra-renal failure |
|
Definition
ATN
acute interstitial nephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ischemia
Toxins (Exogenous, Endogenous)
|
|
|
Term
| Exogenous toxins that cause ATN |
|
Definition
DRUGS!
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
contrast
cyclosporine
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rhapdo (myoglobinemia)
hemolysis
hyperuricemia
Bence-Jones proteins in Mult Myeloma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, rash, pyuria, WBC casts, hematuria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| U/A is normal in what types of ARF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what meds can accelerate recovery from AIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which infnx usually causes glomerularnephritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HTN, edema, abn urinary sediment are s/sx of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glomerulonephritis, pulm hemorrhage, and anti-GMB antibodies are a triad for what dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is found in majority of chronic kidney dz pts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what on U/S is usually diagnostic for chronic kidney dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characteristic fishy odor of breath in chronid kidney dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs of uremic effect on CNS in pts w/ chronic kidney dz |
|
Definition
| mental status changes, myoclonus and asterixis |
|
|
Term
| 2 major types of Renal Art. Stenosis |
|
Definition
1. atherosclerotic ischemic
2. fibromuscular dysplastic |
|
|
Term
| most common type of renal art. stenosis |
|
Definition
atheroscerotic ischemic
(67-95%) |
|
|
Term
| U/S with asymmetrical kidney sz w/ 1 art out of proportion to other is indicative of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gold standard for diagnosis of renal art stenosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of ESRD in United States |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ESRD is more likey to devolop in pts with which type of DM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what screening should be performed in patients with diabetic nephropathy |
|
Definition
urine microalbuminuria
(24 hr urine more specific than dipstick) |
|
|
Term
| tx of diabetic nephropathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Renal cell carcinoma originates from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most pts w/ renal cell carcinoma will present with |
|
Definition
hematuria
flank pain
evidence of mets
****ANEMIA!****
hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
| most valuable imaging test to detect renal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx for renal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
removal (nephrectomy)
NO CHEMO AVAILABLE |
|
|
