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| is the study of the links between physiological activity and psychological events. |
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| is the basic building block of the nervous system. |
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| are the bushy, branching extension that receive messages from other nerve cells and conduct impulses toward the cell body. |
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| is the extension that sends impulses to other nerve cells or to muscles or glands. |
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| is a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon. |
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| is the level of stimulation that must be exceeded in order for the neuron to fire, or generate an electrical impulse. |
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| is the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. the tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft. |
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| are chemical that are released in to synaptic gaps and so transmit neural message from neuron to neuron. |
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| are natural, opiate like neurotransmitters links to pain control and to pleasure. |
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| is the speedy, electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells in the peripheral and central nervous system. |
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| consists of the brain and spinal cord; it is located at the center, or internal core, of the body. |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| includes the sensory and motor includes the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the body,s sense receptors, muscles, and glands; it is at the periphery of the body relative to the brain and spinal cord. |
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| are bundles of neural axons, which are part of the PNS, that connect the central nervous system with muscles, gland, and sense organs. |
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| carry information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system for processing. |
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| carry information and instructions for action from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. |
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| are the neurons of the central nervous system that link the sensory and motor neurons in the transmission of sensory inputs and motor outputs. |
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| is the division of the peripheral nervous system that enables voluntary control of the skeletal muscles; also called the skeletal nervous system. |
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| is the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of internal organs and thereby controls internal functioning; it regulates the automatic behaviors necessary for survival. |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| is the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| is the division of the autonomic nervous system that clams the body, conserving its energy. |
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| is a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus; it is governed by a very simple neural pathway. |
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| the body's slow chemical communication system, consists of glands that secrets hormones into the bloodstream. |
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| are chemical messengers manufactured by the endocrine glands that are produced in one tissue and circulate through the bloodstream to their target tissues, on which they have specific effects. |
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| produce epinephrine and norepinephrine,hormones that prepare the body to deal with emergencies or stress. |
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| under the influence of the hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands; it is a sort of master gland. |
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| is destruction of tissue; study the consequences of lesion in different regions of the brain both surgically produced in animals and naturally occurring helps researchers to determine the normal functions of these region. |
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| electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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| is an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. encephalo comes from a Greek word meaning related to the brain. |
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| PET(positron emission tomography) scan |
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| measures the levels of activity of different areas of the brain by tracing their consumption of a radioactive from of glucose, the brain's fuel. |
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| MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) |
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| uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that show brain structures more clearly. |
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| FMRI(magnetic resonance imaging) |
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| MRI scans taken less than a second apart are compared to reveal bloodflow and, therefore, brain structure and function. |
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| the oldest and innermost region of the brain, is an extension of the spinal cord and is the central core of the brain; its structure direct automatic survival functions. |
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| located atop the braindtem, controls breathing and heartbeat. |
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| located atop the brainstem, routes incoming messages to the appropriate cortical centers and transmits replies to the medulla and cerebellum. |
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| also part of the brainstem, is a nerve network that plays an important role in controlling arousal. |
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| processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance |
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| is a neural system associated with emotion such as fear and aggression and basic physiological drives. |
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| is part of the limic system and influence the emotions of fear and aggression. |
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| regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behaviors; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland; and contains the so called reward centers of the brain. |
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| is a thin, intricate covering of interconnects neural cells atop the cerebral hemispheres. the seat of information processing the cortex is responsible for those complex function that make us distinctively human. |
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| located at the front of the brain, just behind the forehead, and is involved in speaking and muscle movement and in making plans and judgment. |
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| situated between the frontal and in occipital lobes, and contain the sensory cortex. |
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| located at the back and base of the brain and contain the visual cortex, which receives information from the eyes. |
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| located on the sides of the brain, and contains the auditory cortex, which receive information from the ears. |
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| located at the back of the frontal lobe, and controls voluntary movement. |
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| is located at the front of the parietal lobes, just behind the motor cortex. it registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. |
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| is located throughout cortex, the brain are involved in higher mental function, such as learning, remembering, thinking, speaking, and integrating information. |
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| is an impairment of language as a result of damage to any of several cortical areas, including broca's area and wernicke's area. |
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| located in the left frontal lobe, is involved in controlling the motor ability to produce speech. |
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| located in the left temporal lobe, is involved in language comprehension and expression. |
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| is the brain's capacity for modification, as evidenced by brain reorganization following damage (especially in children). |
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| is the formation of new neurons. |
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| is the large band of neural fibers that links the right and left cerebral hemispheres. without this band of nerve fibers, the two hemispheres could not interact. |
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| is a condition in which the major connections between the two cerebral hemispheres (the corpus callosum) are severed, literally resulting in a spit brain. |
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