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Key Terms
Key Terms
25
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/08/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bioavailability
Definition
measurement of the rate and extent (amount) of systemic absorption of the drug
Term
ADME (T)
Definition
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion (Toxicity)
Term
Area Under the Curve (AUC)
Definition
area under the concentration-time curve over all time; measure of the total systemic exposure to the drug
Term
Biopharmaceutics
Definition
study of the relation of the physical and chemical properties of a drug to its bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic and toxicologic effects
Term
Clearance
Definition
the proportionality term between rate of elimination of drug from the body and plasma drug concentration, with units of flow (e.g., mL/min or L/hr); also defined as the volume of blood effectively cleared completely of drug per unit time.
Term
Compartment
Definition
group of tissues with similar blood flow and drug affinity, not a real physiologic or anatomic region; a space in which a drug or metabolite appears kinetically to be located
Term
Compartmental model
Definition
a model in which the body is characterized by one or more spaces into which drug appears kinetically to be distributed
Term
Disposition
Definition
fate of the drug after administration; all kinetic processes (distribution and elimination) that occur to a drug once a drug entered the systemic circulation
Term
Distribution
Definition
movement of drug to and from the various tissues and organs of the body via the blood
Term
Dosage regimen
Definition
a systematic manner of administration of a drug intended for the treatment or amelioration of a disease or condition
Term
Elimination
Definition
irreversible loss of drug from the site of mea surement; occurs by two processes: excretion and metabolism
Term
Excretion
Definition
irreversible loss of chemically unchanged drug from the body; urinary excretion is the most common pathway
Term
Half-Life
Definition
time for the concentration or amount of drug to fall by one half
Term
Metabolism
Definition
conversion of one chemical species to another
Term
Metabolic Interconversion
Definition
conversion of metabolites back to the drug; becomes a route of drug elimination only to the extent that the metabolite is excreted or otherwise irreversibly lost from the body
Term
Model
Definition
mathematical description of a biologic system, used to concisely express quantitative relationships
Term
Pharmacodynamics
Definition
study of cellular and molecular interactions of drugs with their receptors; the relation of the drug concentration or amount at the site of action (receptor) and its pharmacologic response
Term
Pharmcogenomics
Definition
the application of genomic information to the identification of drug targets and to an understanding of the causes of genetic variability in drug response ; refers to a combination of genes with effect on drug response
Term
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
study of the time course of drug movement in the body during absorption, distribution and elimination (excretion and biotransformation)
Term
Systemic Absorption
Definition
process by which a drug proceeds from the site of administration to the systemic circulation where it is measured
Term
Systemic Clearence
Definition
the overall clearance of the drug from the body, represented by the sum of all organ clearance
Term
Systemic Exposure
Definition
blood or plasma drug concentration is a measure of systemic exposure to a drug
Term
Therapeutic Index
Definition
the degree of separation within an individual between a regimen that is beneficial and tolerable and one that is limited by the adverse effects produced; it is low when the degree of sep aration between the two is small
Term
Therapeutic Window
Definition
the range of exposures to a drug associated with successful therapy
Term
Volume of distribution
Definition
the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in the body at equilibrium, or the volume of plasma needed to account for the amount of drug in the body at
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