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| the rate of change of velocity over time |
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| a substance that reacts with a base |
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| the energy that must be overcome in order for a chemical reaction to occur |
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| molecules that contain an amine group, a carboxylic acid, and an R group |
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| is an atom or molecule in which the electrons and protons are not equal to one another |
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| a Y-shaped protein that is used to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria |
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| is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| matter is composed of discrete units called atoms |
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| the ratio of the average mass of an atom of an element |
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| an organism that produces complex organic compounds (carbohydrates, proteins & fats) from simple inorganic molecules using the sun, or chemical reactions |
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| the inability of an organism to synthesize organic compounds |
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| asexual reproduction used by all prokaryotes |
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| depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus with electrons orbiting around it- the importance of the model was that it showed electrostatic forces holding it together |
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| an aqueous solution consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid |
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| composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen-many purpose is to store energy |
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| functional group composed of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen |
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| a functional group composed of a carbonyl group and alcohol |
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| proton donor (bronsted-lowry acid) |
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| the idea that cells are the basic unit of structure of every living thing |
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| (asymmetric) a molecule is chiral if it is not the same as its mirror image, it cannot be superimposed |
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organelles found in plants and other eukayotes that conduct photosynthesis
they capture light to conserve free energy in the form of ATP |
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| an organized structure of DNA and proteins found in cells |
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| in thermodynamics, a closed system can exchange energy (heat or work) but not matter, with its surroundings |
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| a sequence of three nucleotides which specify which amino acid is joined in protein synthesis |
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| flow of electric charge through a medium |
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| a thick liquid residing in the cell membrane holding all the organelles of the cell except for the nucleus |
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| negatively charged particle |
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| a reagent attracted to electrons, which accepts a pair of electrons in order to bond a nucleophile |
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| one of two stereoisomers which are mirror images of each other but not superimposible |
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| a process in which a cell absorbs substances by engulfing them |
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network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae
rough ER synthesizes proteins, smooth ER synthesizes lipids and steriods, metabolizes carbohydrates and steriods and regulates calcium |
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| measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system |
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| a thermodynamic property that can be used to find the energy available for work |
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| proteins that catalyze chemical reactions |
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| a system when competing forces are balanced |
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| alkyl substituent derived from ethane |
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| an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within a membrane |
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| a process by which a cell directs the contents of the secretory vesicles out of the cell |
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| any influence which causes a free body to undergo a change in speed, a change in direction |
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| energy in a physical system that can be used for work |
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| molecular unit of heredity |
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| the entirety of the organisms heredity |
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| the idea that microorganisms are the cause of diseases |
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| processes and packages macromolecules, such as lipids and proteins, before theyre shipped out to their destination |
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| an organism that cannot fix carbon, so it must eat organic carbon for growth |
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| simple alcohol functional group |
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| a measurable property of an isolated physical system that does not change |
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zeroth-two systems are in equilibrium with a third, then all are in equilibrium
first-energy as work, energy as heat
second-over time differences in temperature, pressure will equilibriate
third-is a reference point (absolute zero) for entropy |
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| fats, sterols and fat-soluble vitamins, that store energy |
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| cellular organelles that contain hydrolase enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris |
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| found in eukaryotes and are the "cellular power plant" |
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| method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei |
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| the amount of the constituent divided by the mass of the solvent |
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| the product of mass and velocity |
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| species that donates a pair of electrons to an electrophile to form a chemical bond |
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| a system which exchanges energy and matter |
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| a segment of DNA to which a transcription factor protein binds |
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| basic unit of light and electromagnetic radiation |
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| DNA molecule that is seperate, and that can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA |
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| primary function is polymerization of new DNA and RNA to an existing DNA template |
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| a group of organisms that lack a nucleus |
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| a region of DNA that facilitates transcription |
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| have the same molecular formula and bond to bond orientation, but differ only, by their three dimensional orientation |
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| the tendency of a force to rotate and object about its axis |
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| the measure of the rate and direction of change in position |
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| a doctrine that the processes of life are not explicable by the laws of physics and chemistry alone and that life is in some part self-determining |
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