Term
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Definition
| -limits political activities of civil service employees |
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Term
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Definition
Title II:
-bans discrimination in places of public accommodation
Title VII:
-prohibits employment discrimination on above (except sex)
-allows employers to give racial preferences in hiring
-affirmative action programs required (Executive Order #11246)
-allowed class action suits
-enforced by EEOC |
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Term
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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Definition
-suspended literacy tests
Empowered federal officials to:
-register voters
-ensure citizens could vote
-count ballots
Prohibited states from changing voting procedures without federal permission |
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Term
| Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967) |
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Definition
| -bans age discrimination for jobs unless age is related to job performance |
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Term
| Air Quality Act (1967) and various Clean Air Acts (1960s-1990s) |
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Definition
-established emission standards for cars and factories
-established minimum standards for states |
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Term
| Federal Election Campaign Acts (1971-1974) |
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Definition
-created FEC
-subsidies for presidential candidates
-limitations on contributions and pres. election expenditures
-requires disclosure of contributions and expenditures |
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Term
| Title IX of Education Act (1972) |
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Definition
| -prohibited gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs |
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Term
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Definition
President can send troops overseas into hostile environments if he:
-notifies Congress within 48 hours
-withdraws troops within 60-90 days
-consults Congress if troops are to engage in combat
Congress can pass resolution to have troops withdrawn at any time. |
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Term
| Freedom of Information Act (1974) |
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Definition
| -requires federal agencies to grant public access to nonclassified federal documents |
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Term
| Budget and Impoundment Control Act (1974) |
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Definition
-established congressional budget committees
-established CBO
-strengthened budget powers of Congress |
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Term
| Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Bill (1985) |
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Definition
-set gradual budget reduction targets to lead to a balanced budget
-across-the-board budget cuts to kick in if targets not met |
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Term
| Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) |
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Definition
-bans job discrimination against disabled if "reasonable accommodation" can be made
-requires access to facilities for handicapped |
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Term
| National Voter Registration Bill ("Motor Voter Act") (1993) |
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Definition
| -requires states to allow people to register to vote when applying for driver's licenses or completing license renewal forms |
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Term
| Religious Freedom Restoration Act (1993) |
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Definition
-restored "compelling purpose" guideline for courts to use when states restrict religious liberty
-struck down by Sup. Court v Flores |
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Term
| Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (1995) |
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Definition
-requires CBO to analyze impact of unfunded mandates on states
-requires separate congressional vote on bills that impose unfunded mandates |
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Term
| Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (Welfare Reform Act of 1996) |
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Definition
-ended federal entitlement status of welfare;
replaced by block grants to states to administer welfare;
strings attached: recipients must work within 2 years, and cannot receive benefits for more than 5 years |
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Term
| Defense of Marriage Act (1996) |
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Definition
| -states need not recognize same-sex marriages |
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Term
| No Child Left Behind Act (2001) |
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Definition
states required to:
-adopt education accountability standards
-annually test students
-sanctions against schools not meeting adequate yearly progress |
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Term
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Definition
| -strengthens federal gov's power concerning surveillance, searches, and detainment of individuals to combat terrorism |
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Term
| McCain-Feingold Bill (Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002) |
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Definition
-raised hard money limits to $2000
-banned soft money contributions to national political parties |
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