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•Kelly believed that people construe events according to their personal constructs, rather than reality. |
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•People generally attempt to solve everyday problems similar to the way scientists do |
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•Because scientists are people, their theories should be regarded with the same skepticism as any other data. |
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| Constructive Alternativism |
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•our interpretations of the world are subject to revision or replacement, an assumption
•people can construe their world from different angles - observations that are valid at one time may be false at a later time. |
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•Attempt to make sense out of the world by looking at things in like templates
•Making sense of those shapes behavior. |
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•Kelly expressed his theory in one basic postulate and 11 supporting corollaries.
•Human behavior is shaped by the way people anticipate the future. |
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•people anticipate events according to their anticipation of recurring themes |
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•people have different experiences and therefore construct events in different ways |
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•people put their various constructs in groups and order them by importance |
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•every construct has two different sides; or looking at things as all good or all bad |
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•making a decision that will affect your future |
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•making choices (as per choice corollary) that allow you to have more freedom to choose in the future |
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•A person’s construction system varies as he successfully construes the replication of events |
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•the variation of a person’s construct is limited by the changeability of the constructs, especially when incompatibilities w/ the external reality are perceived |
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•the union of two seemingly contrasting constructs can be combined depending on context |
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•similar/same psychological construct but have different backgrounds to come to the same goal |
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•People realize that they are a part of others’ constructs and act accordingly |
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•Core role – how you define yourself; have your identity
•Peripheral roles – roles with other people |
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| Four Common Elements in Abnormal Development |
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•(1) threat –perception that one’s basic construct/personality is challenged in some way that it will be changed
•(2) fear – incidental changes that might occur w/in one’s construct
•(3) anxiety – when a person recognizes they can’t deal well w/ a new situation
•(4) guilt – feeling guilty when acting out of character |
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•Clients should set their own goals for therapy
•Clients should be active participants in the therapeutic process. |
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•clients act out a predetermined role for several weeksin and then out of therapy |
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•Kelly's theory probably is most applicable to relatively normal, intelligent people.
•Unfortunately, it pays little attention to problems of motivation, development, and cultural influences.
•Rates very high on parsimony and internal consistency and about average on its ability to generate research.
•Rates low on its ability to be falsified, to guide the practitioner, and to organize knowledge. |
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•Kelly saw people as anticipating the future and living their lives in accordance with those anticipations.
•His concept of elaborative choice suggests that people increase their range of future choices by the present choices they freely make. Thus, Kelly's theory rates very high in teleology and high in choice and optimism. In addition, it receives high ratings for conscious influences and for its emphasis on the uniqueness of the individual. Finally, personal construct theory is about average on social influences. |
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