Term
| Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the uterine lining in early pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cessation of menstruation. |
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Term
| Name three hormones produced by the placenta. |
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Definition
| estrogen, progesterone, chorionic gonadotropin, chorionic somatomammotropin (V 544) |
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Term
| Describe typical breast changes in early pregnancy. |
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Definition
| tense, tingly feeling; enlargement of nipples; increase in size; visible veins; increased prominence of Montgomery's follicles; possibly stretch marks (V 544) |
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Term
| Most pregnancy tests are testing for which hormone? It is not detected in maternal plasma or urine until ______ |
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Definition
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/implantation (V 545) |
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Term
| hCG roughly _____ every ____ day(s) in maternal blood from implantation until approximately 8 1/2 to 10 weeks gestation as dated from LMP. |
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Definition
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Term
| hCG is abnormally low in which situations and abnormally high in which situations? |
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Definition
Low: ectopic pregnancies, threatened abortions
High: multiple gestation, hydatidiform mole, choricocarcinoma (V 545) |
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Term
| The non pregnant uterus is roughly ___ shaped, turning to ____shape in the early months, and then to a larger ___ shape after the third month. |
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Definition
| pear/globular/ovoid (V 547) |
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Term
| The fetal heart begins beating at the beginning of the ____week post LMP. It can be heard with fetoscope approximately ___weeks post LMP, ___weeks using a handheld Doppler, and ___weeks by transvaginal ultrasound. |
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Definition
| 6th, 20th, 12th, 7th. (V 549) |
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Term
| Quickening is ____ and occurs at roughly the ___ week post LMP in a first pregnancy. |
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Definition
| The feeling of fetal movements by the mother/18th (V 549) |
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Term
| The maternal blood volume increases between ___ to ___ percent in a singleton pregnancy and ___ percent or more in a twin pregnancy. |
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Definition
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Term
| At what point in pregnancy would you expect to see a dip in the hematocrit? What is this called? |
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Definition
| Between 24-32 weeks gestation/hemodilution or physiologic anemia of pregnancy. (V 550) |
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Term
| Cardiac output increases/decreases significantly and remains elevated/decreased throughout pregnancy. |
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Definition
| increases/elevated (V 550) |
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Term
| Aw woman may feel faint or dizzy when lying on her back in late pregnancy because the _____is compressing the _____. This is resolved by positioning the woman ____. |
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Definition
| uterus/inferior vena cava/on her side (V 550) |
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Term
| Name three reasons why adequate kidney function is so important in the pregnant woman. |
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Definition
| Her kidneys function as the primary organ for excretion of wastes not just for her but of her fetus as well. Kidneys are critical in mediating sodium retention and water balance in pregnancy. Kidneys are important in maintaining arterial blood pressure through the renin-angiotensis system. (V 551) |
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Term
| Explain hydroureter and hydronephrosis as related to pregnancy. |
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Definition
| Hydroureter occurs as the uterus rises out of the pelvis and compresses the ureters as they cross the pelvic brim. With this distention comes elongatin and lateral displacement of the ureters. Hydronephrosis occurs in 80-90% of pregnant women and is an increase in size of the kidney and dilation of the pelves and calyces. These all contribute to the increase in risk of UTI due to urinary stasis. (V 551) |
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Term
| Which hormone is the one mainly responsible for bleeding gums in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Estrogen, because it causes increased blood flow (V 551) |
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Term
| The effect of progesterone on smooth muscle is ____ and a couple of effects of this are _____ and ____. |
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Definition
| relaxation/increase in reflux and heartburn due to sphincter relaxation, slowing of the small intestine to allow absorption of nutrients. (V 553) |
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