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| The chemical building material for all living things. |
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| proteins, carbohydrates, lipids [fats], and nucleic acids |
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Definition
| Amino acids linked in various patterns and combinations. Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and occasionally other elements, such as sulfur. Proteins are the most elementary building blocks of cells. |
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| The structural units of protein. |
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| The making of new proteins. |
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| Compounds composed of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates such as sugars and starches are involved in energy-releasing processes in animals and plants. |
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| Tiny, rod-shaped bodies that contain genes. |
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| Water insoluble, organic macromolecules that consist only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; lipids store energy in the body for long periods. Also known as fats. |
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| Very large, complex macromolecules made up of nucleotides. |
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| Deoxyribonuclein Acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| A type of nucleic acid that carries the genetic information necessary for cell replication and regulation of cellular activity needed to direct protein synthesis. |
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| Compounds that do not contain carbon. The inorganic compounds found in the human body occur in nature independent of living things. |
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| When water tends to move across cell surfaces or membranes into areas in which a high concentration of potassium ions is present. |
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| The frail, semipermeable, flexible structure encasing and surrounding the human cell. |
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| The protoplasm that exists outside of the cell's nucleus. |
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| The process whereby one cell divides to form two or more cells. |
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| Changes in genes caused by the loss or change of a nitrogenous base on the DNA chain. It is generally the result of the interaction of high-energy radiation with a DNA molecule. |
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| Concept of radiation damage resulting from discrete and random events. If a critical location on the master molecule (believed to be DNA) is a target receiving multiple hits from ionizing radiation, it may well be inactivated. Normal cell function will then cease, and the cell will die. |
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| Biologic damage that occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on essential molecules, which may cause these molecules to become either inactive or functionally altered. |
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| The effect produced by free radicals that are created by the interaction of radiation with water molecules; cell death can result. |
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Definition
| Solitary atoms, or most often a combination of atoms, that are very chemically reactive as a result of the presence of unpaired electrons. |
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