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| 'Characteristics of Life' |
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Definition
-Composed of one or more cells
-Complex organization patterns
-Can make use of energy
-Able to respond to stimuli
-Able to maintain homeostasis
-Can experience growth & development
-Able to reproduce |
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| The idea that life can be born from non-living material. Aristotle believed that insects and frogs were spontaneously generated from moist soil. Debunked in 1668 by Francesco Redi, with his meat and flask experiment. |
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| Belief that life processes are determined by the laws of the physical universe in combination with some vital force or principle (such as a soul). |
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| The Miller/Urey Experiment |
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Definition
Conducted in 1953
Successfully attempted to replicate conditions of primordial atmosphere & the chemical reactions to form organic compounds from inorganic compounds. |
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| The examination of the structure and function of all living things/organisms. |
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| The study of the composition, properties, and behavior of natural substances. |
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| An energetic process of chemical change |
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| The starting materials of a chemical reaction |
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| The ending materials of a chemical reaction |
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| Biological catalysts to chemical reactions |
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| The most significant inorganic molecule to life |
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Definition
-Cohesion
-Adhesion
-Capillarity
-High Surface Tension
-High Specific Heat
-Solid Form is Less Dense than Liquid Form |
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Definition
| Positively charged sub-particle in an atom (located in core); indicates atomic number and element; change in protons causes nuclear explosion |
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| Neutrally charged sub-particle in an atom (located in core); Add weight to atom; creates naturally existing variations/isotopes in atoms |
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| Negatively charged sub-particle in an atom; located in orbitals around core of atom; if gained or lost, atom becomes an ion |
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Definition
| Atoms share electrons equally ('Shared custody') |
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| Atoms transfer electrons back and forth ('Custody Battle') |
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| Most often found in water; electrons are not shared; oxygen is very electronegative so electrons are attracted to it; when hydrogen bonds with oxygen it forms a polar molecule; the oxygen strongly pulls the charge up into itself, making a partial positive charge on the hydrogen and partial negative on the oxygen; hydrogen bonds are not full bonds |
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Definition
1858: 3 axioms
-All organisms consist of one or more cells
-The cell is the basic unit of structure
-All cells arise from preexisting cells |
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Definition
| Dutch linen merchant; originally invented microscope to verify thread count; discovered existence of microscopic life |
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| 3 Basic Components of a Cell |
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Definition
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA |
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Definition
| Simpler & smaller than eukaryotic cell; does not contain a nucleus |
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| Contains membrane bound structures (organelles) |
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| Responsible for providing cell with energy (Powerhouse) |
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Definition
Two types:
-Rough ER has ribosomes embedded in it's surface; packages newly synthesized proteins
-Smooth ER does not have ribosomes; synthesizes and packages lipids. |
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| Receives packages secreted by places like the ER; sorts, modifies, repackages, and prepares them for exiting the cell nucleus |
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| Provide some means of exchange between the inner nucleus and cytoplasm |
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| A form of DNA, stored inside the nucleus; only when DNA starts to prepare for cell division does it form into chromosomes |
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| Digestive organelle, contains enzymes; fuses with the vacuole food package, enzymes go in and digest |
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| A piece of cell membrane that has been pinched off to transport food inside of the cell |
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| one of a pair of cellular organelles that occur especially in animals, are adjacent to the nucleus, function in the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division, and consist of a cylinder with nine microtubules arranged peripherally in a circle |
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Definition
| Part of the cytoskeleton; when the cell prepares for division they form centrioles; they can also create external projections from the cell, cilia and flagella |
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| long thin structures that form the structure of the cell; come in 2 forms, microtubules an microfiliments |
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| long intertwined chains that form the bulk of the cytoskeleton |
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| Filled with water; Provides rigidity of plant |
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| Keeps cell rigid; provides nutrition to organisms that eat it (Fiber) |
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| Does not require energy from the cell; is from areas of high to low concentration(concentration gradient) |
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| Does require energy; works against concentration gradient |
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