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Definition
| a 'typical' member of a category, one tt has the most defining featuers of tt category |
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Definition
| A mental presentation of visual information |
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Definition
| intuitive theories about the way things work |
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| A problem solving strategy in which several solutions are attempted till a solution is found |
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Definition
| A mental grouping of persons, ideas, events, or objects tt share common properties |
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| 4 Problem solving processes |
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Definition
1) Trial and error
2) Algorithms
3) Heuristics: means-end analysis and analogies
4) Insight |
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Definition
| A step by step, tried and true procedure that is guaranteed to produce a solution |
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Definition
| A form of problem solving in which the solution seems to pop to mind all of a sudden eg story of Sultan the chimp, with sticks and banana |
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Term
| Representation of the problem |
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Definition
1) Mental images eg images in the mind's eye to relate/solve the problem
2) Mental Models eg 'water level task' |
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Term
| Blind spots in problem solving |
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Definition
1) representation failures
2) Functional fixedness
3) Mental Sets
4) Confirmation bias
5) Belief perseverence |
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Term
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Definition
| nine-dot problem; instructions fail to mention possibilities tt will help open up solutions |
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Definition
| Candle problem; the tendency to think of objects for their intended function only |
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Definition
| Water Jar problem, playing hide and seek with kids, they always go back to the last place you hid first |
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Definition
| tendency to look for evidence to verify our beliefs, not thinking about what is presented |
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Definition
| tendency to cling to beliefs even after they have beem discredited |
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Definition
| A logical problem in which premises are given, and conclusions hae to be made on the basis that the premises are true |
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Definition
| 'if-then' statements ie on this condition, then... |
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Term
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Definition
1) representativeness heuristic
2) Availability heuristic
3) Anchoring effects
4) Framing effects
5) Overconfidence |
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Term
| Representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
| the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event occuring by how typical it seems |
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