Term
|
Definition
| The capacity to learn from experience and adapt successfully to one's environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Selective breeding policies that encourage only the brightest of adults to reproduce, provided justification for the Holocaust in Nazi Germany |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A test by Alfred Binet that measured problem solving, vocab, numbers, logical reasoning, general knowledge and memory tt was adapted and revised by Terman from Stanford and used to measure IQ, with an average of 100. since IQ does not increase continually with age, the quotient was assigned to represent the person's performance rlative to the average of their same age peers |
|
|
Term
| Itnelligence Quotient (IQ) |
|
Definition
| IQ= Mental Age (MA)/ Chronoligical age (CA) x100, represents a person's performance relative to same age peers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) most widely used scale for adults tt yields separate scores for verbal and performance subtests. alo dvpd for children (WISC) and preschoolers and primary school (WPPSI) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT), army Alpha test, Army Beta test, American College Test (ACT), Law School Aptitude Test (LSAT) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In an intelligence test, the average age of the children who achieve a certain level of performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The potential for academic learning |
|
|
Term
| Are all intelligence tests accurate? |
|
Definition
to be accurate, the test must have 3 ingredients: 1) Standadization: the procedure by which existing norms are used to interpret the test score 2) Reliability: extent to which the test yields consistent results over time or using alternate forms
3) Validity: the extent to which a tst measures of predicts what it is designed to |
|
|
Term
| Reliability of test scores |
|
Definition
2 kinds: 1) test-retest reliability: degree to which a test yields consistent results when readministered at a later time
2) split half reliability: degree to which alternate forms of tests yield consistent results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 kinds- 1) Content validity: extent to which the scores measure what they are designed to measure
2) Criterion validity: extent to which a test can predict a concurrent or future outcome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tests are culturally biased because one has to know some about the dominant culture tt the test was designed for. 'culture-fair' tests have been designed, using non-verbal items using patterns, letters, numbers and symbols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A broad intellectual-ability factor used to explain why performances on different intelligence-test items are often correlated. supported by 1) Factor analysis 2)Infant measures and IQ 3) Neural speed and effeciency 4) Multifactor Models |
|
|
Term
| Infant measures and IQ (General intelligence) |
|
Definition
| Longitudinal tests of babies who were more responsive to new stimuli at 3-6 months scored higher on IQ tests in early and middle childhood. |
|
|
Term
| Neural Speed and Effeciency (General Intelligence) |
|
Definition
| People with higher IQs responded much quicker to stimuli eg flashing light, inspecting stimuli, solving problems etc suggesting that pple with higher neural transmission rates had higher IQs and tt humans differ in plasticity of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gardner's theory tt there are 7 types of intelligence- linguistic, logical-mathmatical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| someone who is highly precocious in a specific domain of endeavor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| someone who is mentally retarded but extraordinarily talented in some ways |
|
|
Term
| Sternberg's Triarchic Theory |
|
Definition
| proposed 3 forms of intelligence: 1) analytic: mental steps used to solve problems 2) creative: use of experince in ways that foster insight 3) practical: ability to read and adapt to the contxtx of everyday life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intellectual and motivational processes tt lead to novel solutions, ideas, artisitc forms or products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to think flexibly and entertain a wide range of possible solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to size up new situations and adapt to real-life demands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A preschool intellectual enrichment program for children born of poor families, to help them out of the vivious cycle involving poverty and intelligence (nature vs nurture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A diagnostic category used for people with IQ scores below 70 who have difficulty adapting to the routine demands of life eg self care and social interactions. |
|
|
Term
| 4 categories of mental retardation |
|
Definition
1. Mild: typ. scores 50-70
2. Moderate: 35-49
3. Severe: 20-34
4. profound: <20 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea that a person's expectation can lead to its own fulfilment (as in the effect of teacher expectations on student performance) |
|
|
Term
| Teacher Expectancies in self fulfilling prophecies |
|
Definition
| if late bloomers are evaluated unfavourable by teachers, receiving negative input and treatment from the teacher may discourage them from 'blooming' or reaching their optimum abilities. |
|
|
Term
| Stereotype Threat in Self fulfilling prophecy |
|
Definition
| the tendency for positive and negative performance stereotypes about a group to influence is members when they are tested in the stereotyped domain |
|
|
Term
| Ability Grouping in Self fulfilling prophecy |
|
Definition
| the steering of students onto a fast or slow track of learning tt might constrain future performance ie the rich get richer and the poor get poorer |
|
|
