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Kassin Chapter 10
Intelligence
29
Psychology
Not Applicable
03/22/2005

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Term
Intelligence
Definition
The capacity to learn from experience and adapt successfully to one's environment
Term
Eugenics
Definition
Selective breeding policies that encourage only the brightest of adults to reproduce, provided justification for the Holocaust in Nazi Germany
Term
Standford-Binet test
Definition
A test by Alfred Binet that measured problem solving, vocab, numbers, logical reasoning, general knowledge and memory tt was adapted and revised by Terman from Stanford and used to measure IQ, with an average of 100. since IQ does not increase continually with age, the quotient was assigned to represent the person's performance rlative to the average of their same age peers
Term
Itnelligence Quotient (IQ)
Definition
IQ= Mental Age (MA)/ Chronoligical age (CA) x100, represents a person's performance relative to same age peers
Term
The Wechsler Scales
Definition
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) most widely used scale for adults tt yields separate scores for verbal and performance subtests. alo dvpd for children (WISC) and preschoolers and primary school (WPPSI)
Term
Group aptitude tests
Definition
Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT), army Alpha test, Army Beta test, American College Test (ACT), Law School Aptitude Test (LSAT)
Term
Mental age
Definition
In an intelligence test, the average age of the children who achieve a certain level of performance
Term
Aptitude
Definition
The potential for academic learning
Term
Are all intelligence tests accurate?
Definition
to be accurate, the test must have 3 ingredients: 1) Standadization: the procedure by which existing norms are used to interpret the test score 2) Reliability: extent to which the test yields consistent results over time or using alternate forms
3) Validity: the extent to which a tst measures of predicts what it is designed to
Term
Reliability of test scores
Definition
2 kinds: 1) test-retest reliability: degree to which a test yields consistent results when readministered at a later time
2) split half reliability: degree to which alternate forms of tests yield consistent results
Term
Validity in test scores
Definition
2 kinds- 1) Content validity: extent to which the scores measure what they are designed to measure
2) Criterion validity: extent to which a test can predict a concurrent or future outcome
Term
The biasness of IQ tests
Definition
Tests are culturally biased because one has to know some about the dominant culture tt the test was designed for. 'culture-fair' tests have been designed, using non-verbal items using patterns, letters, numbers and symbols
Term
General intelligence
Definition
A broad intellectual-ability factor used to explain why performances on different intelligence-test items are often correlated. supported by 1) Factor analysis 2)Infant measures and IQ 3) Neural speed and effeciency 4) Multifactor Models
Term
Infant measures and IQ (General intelligence)
Definition
Longitudinal tests of babies who were more responsive to new stimuli at 3-6 months scored higher on IQ tests in early and middle childhood.
Term
Neural Speed and Effeciency (General Intelligence)
Definition
People with higher IQs responded much quicker to stimuli eg flashing light, inspecting stimuli, solving problems etc suggesting that pple with higher neural transmission rates had higher IQs and tt humans differ in plasticity of the brain
Term
Multiple Intelligences
Definition
Gardner's theory tt there are 7 types of intelligence- linguistic, logical-mathmatical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal.
Term
Prodigy
Definition
someone who is highly precocious in a specific domain of endeavor
Term
Idiot savant
Definition
someone who is mentally retarded but extraordinarily talented in some ways
Term
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
Definition
proposed 3 forms of intelligence: 1) analytic: mental steps used to solve problems 2) creative: use of experince in ways that foster insight 3) practical: ability to read and adapt to the contxtx of everyday life
Term
Creativity
Definition
Intellectual and motivational processes tt lead to novel solutions, ideas, artisitc forms or products
Term
Divergent thinking
Definition
the ability to think flexibly and entertain a wide range of possible solutions
Term
Practical intelence
Definition
the ability to size up new situations and adapt to real-life demands
Term
Project Head Start
Definition
A preschool intellectual enrichment program for children born of poor families, to help them out of the vivious cycle involving poverty and intelligence (nature vs nurture)
Term
Mental Retardation
Definition
A diagnostic category used for people with IQ scores below 70 who have difficulty adapting to the routine demands of life eg self care and social interactions.
Term
4 categories of mental retardation
Definition
1. Mild: typ. scores 50-70
2. Moderate: 35-49
3. Severe: 20-34
4. profound: <20
Term
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
The idea that a person's expectation can lead to its own fulfilment (as in the effect of teacher expectations on student performance)
Term
Teacher Expectancies in self fulfilling prophecies
Definition
if late bloomers are evaluated unfavourable by teachers, receiving negative input and treatment from the teacher may discourage them from 'blooming' or reaching their optimum abilities.
Term
Stereotype Threat in Self fulfilling prophecy
Definition
the tendency for positive and negative performance stereotypes about a group to influence is members when they are tested in the stereotyped domain
Term
Ability Grouping in Self fulfilling prophecy
Definition
the steering of students onto a fast or slow track of learning tt might constrain future performance ie the rich get richer and the poor get poorer
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