Term
| What does Hegel mean by passion |
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Definition
| When a dream takes over your life. |
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Term
| German Idealists objection to kant |
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Definition
Objected to his "Critical Philosophy"
Specifically the concept of "the thing in itself." |
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Term
| COMPARISON: SCIENCE AND METAPHYSICS |
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Definition
| WE CAN DERIVE factual information from both |
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Term
| Contrast: science and metapbhyics |
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Definition
1). Science tells us how things appear in contrast metaphysics tells us how things really are
2). Science is derived from sensory perception, metaphysics gives us factual knowledge independant of experience |
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Term
| Kant not a rationalist/not imperialist |
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Definition
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Term
| Kant's 3 great questions of metaphyics |
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Definition
1). existence of god
2). immorality of soul
3). freedom of the will |
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Term
| What and why is Hume's view of metaphysics |
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Definition
| Metaphysics claims to have knowledge of matters of fact independent of experience. Hume insists that knowledge of matters of fact require experience |
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Term
| What aspect of Hume's philosophy disturbed Kant |
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Definition
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Term
| What aspect of Hume's philosophy disturbed Kant |
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Definition
| Hume intended to secure science by disproving metaphysics |
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Term
| What is the difference between a priori and a post or I? |
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Definition
1). A priori is knowledge prior to experience (insight/reason)
2). A postori knowledge acquired after experience (empirical knowledge/experiments) |
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Term
| Contrast analytical and synthetical sentences |
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Definition
1). Analytical sentences subject is contained in the predicate + subject is contained in predicate. A = A
2). SYNTHETICAL sentences subject is not contained in the predicate. A = B |
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Term
| SYNTHETICAL A priori possible? |
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Definition
1). A priori = analytical
2). A poster I = synthetical
3). A priori = synthetical |
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Term
| Transcendental Aesthetical is the study of what? |
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Definition
| A prioriri conditions of sensory experience (space and time) |
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Term
| Transcendental Logic is the study of? |
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Definition
| A priori conditions of cognitive experience |
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Term
| Kant's theory of knowledge |
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Definition
| Categories of knowledge + sensory experience |
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Term
| Kant and the foundation of science |
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Definition
| His theory was that causality is not based in custom or habit but on the categories. Which are innate and universal in all Mano and. |
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Term
| Kant and the British Empiricists agree |
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Definition
| No such thing as innate factual knowledge |
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Term
| Kant's "Copernican Revolution in philosophy'. Meaning is |
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Definition
| He took traditional ideas and turned them around. Instead our mind conforming to reality/ reality conforms to our mind. ideas |
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Term
| Kant believes that we actively participate in the construction of our knowledge/in regards to phenomena and noumena |
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Definition
| We perceive the world as our mind enables us to see it |
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Term
| Kant's criticism of the cosmological argument? |
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Definition
| He thinks it is invalid because it is not a characteristic of the world and it is not a category of the mind |
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Term
| Contrast Kant's philosophy with that of empiricism. |
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Definition
| Kant believed that we activate fly participate in acquiring knowledge through the categories of the mind, in contrast, empiricists believe that we are passive in this. |
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Term
Name a difference between 1) critique of pure reason and
2) critique of practical reason. |
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Definition
1) categories of the mind determine our concept of the world
2) ideas (metaphysics) determined how the world should be. |
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Term
| Why does kant believe moral law cannot be based on experience? |
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Definition
| We all know, deep down what is right and what is wrong. It is priori. Inscribed on our heart from birth. |
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Term
| Kant says foundations of morality are sim!imlar to foundations of science/ how |
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Definition
| Both are universal and necessary |
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Term
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Definition
| Subject to another's law. |
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Term
| What does kant believe freedom is. |
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Definition
| Morals are self imposed. To be autonomous means my behavior is self determined. I am free when I am following my own moral code. |
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Term
| Why does Kant believe that goodness and happiness do not coincide) n this lifetime? |
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Definition
| Experience tells us that good people suffer and wicked people prosper |
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Term
| What did the German idealists have against many theory of the thing in itself |
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Definition
| If we cannot know the thing in itself how can kant say it exists |
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Term
| Hegel speaks of " the poverty of the understanding' how does he intend his philosophy to? differ |
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Definition
| Kant emphasized understanding,Hegel will emphasize reason. |
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Term
| Why is it impossible for Hegel to return to pretty Kantanian metaphysics |
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Definition
| after Kant, metaphysics or abstract ideas were considered useless |
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Term
| Why is it impossible for Hegel to return to pretty Kantanian metaphysics |
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Definition
| after Kant, metaphysics or abstract ideas were considered useless |
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Term
| Explain the connection Hegel/reason/history |
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Definition
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Term
| How did people of the agricultural age understand history |
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Definition
| They believed history was cyclic/ repeating itself in a pattern/ like the seasons |
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Term
| How did people of the agricultural age understand history |
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Definition
| They believed history was cyclic/ repeating itself in a pattern/ like the seasons |
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Term
| Describe helegan dialectic |
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Definition
| Thesis anti thesis synthesis. Hegel thinks the whole course of history is moving freedomtowards |
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Term
| Describe 2 ways of interpreting the dialectical process |
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Definition
| Conservatively believing any sedation will be crushed. Radically, we should help the dialectical along by overthrowing |
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Term
| Hegel thinks the 2 most important events in history are |
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Definition
| The Protestant Reformation and the French Revolution. Liberated both religion and government rule based on monarchy/ from mid evil darkness. |
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Term
| Hegel thinks the 2 most important events in history are |
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Definition
| The Protestant Reformation and the French Revolution. Liberated both religion and government rule based on monarchy/ from mid evil darkness. |
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Term
| What is the difference between matter and spirit |
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Definition
| Grist...they are the same |
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Term
| What is the goal of history according to hegel. |
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Definition
| History is the process of development and evolution. The goal is freedom. |
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Term
| Bagel believes we are free when |
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Definition
| we are becoming what we are meant to be |
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Term
| Bagel believes we are free when |
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Definition
| we are becoming what we are meant to be |
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Term
| What are the two steps to freedom? |
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Definition
| Self consciousness + passion /actualizing our potential = freedom |
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Term
| How does reason conquer the world and triumph in history |
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Definition
| It is with the help of world individuals that it is accomplished |
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Term
| Why is the world historical individual have a gaurentee that his or her actions will succeed? |
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Definition
| He is the catalyst. She has somehow aligned her goal and intentions with that of the universe and has all that moment on behind their goal. |
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Term
| Example of world historical individual... |
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Definition
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Term
| Town can I an individual help history to succeed? |
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Definition
By becoming what we are supposed to be...
BY ACTUALIZING OUR OWN POTENTIAL |
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Term
| Hegel maintains that freedom and necessity are the same thin. How does he explain that? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Hegel mean by Geist? |
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Definition
| The mind of the human individual, the world of historical development and divine spirit are all part of the same reality- Geist |
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Term
| What is Hegel's opinion of deist of the enlightenment! |
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Definition
| He is opposed to it Hegel believes Ina god who is both personal and providential |
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Term
| What is Hegel's opinion of deist of the enlightenment! |
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Definition
| He is opposed to it Hegel believes Ina god who is both personal and providential |
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Term
| Describe the three developmental stages if spirit |
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Definition
1) subjective spirit /acquires sensory experience
2) objective spirit/the world humans have built
3) absolute spirit/ the realm of art religion and philosophy |
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Term
| How does Hegel overcome the division between subject and object, between mind and matter, between ideas and things |
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Definition
| This is possible only if the knower with the thing |
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Term
| What did mills education lack |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Mills recover from his depression? |
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Definition
| He discovered creativity and how to appreciate art |
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Term
| Who were the four greatest modern philosophers |
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Definition
1) Locke
2) Mills
3) Hobbs
4) Marx |
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Term
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Definition
HOBBES
1) A contract for self preservation and protection guaranteed by legal control in society |
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Term
| CONTRAST SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY WITH THE POPULAR POLITICAL THEORY |
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Definition
1) a soveirgn gets his right to rule from the people/but is accountable to god.
2) I don't the answer |
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Term
| How does Hobbes conditions existing before social contract theory |
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Definition
| Society is created by he fear we have of each other |
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Term
| How are the pre-social contract conditions ended? |
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Definition
| People surrender their power to the soveign in the formation of the social contract. At that point The sovereign is accountable to god. |
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Term
| Contrast locke's political theory with that of Hobbes |
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Definition
Locke wanted to limit the power of the government.
Hobbes theorized that democracy reflects the will of the people who need not be protected from themselves |
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Term
| Contrast locke's political theory with that of Hobbes |
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Definition
Locke wanted to limit the power of the government.
Hobbes theorized that democracy reflects the will of the people who need not be protected from themselves |
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Term
| What does Locke mean when he says that a fudiciary relationship exists between the government and the people? |
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Definition
| Fiduciary in contrast to contractual: all the rights are on the side of the beneficiary and all duties are on the side of the trustee |
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Term
| What does Locke mean when he says that a fudiciary relationship exists between the government and the people? |
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Definition
| Fiduciary in contrast to contractual: all the rights are on the side of the beneficiary and all duties are on the side of the trustee |
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Term
1) Hobbes property theory
2) Locke's property theory |
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Definition
1) property can not exist before the social contract or apart from government
2) property exists before social contract and is a natural right |
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Term
1) Hobbes property theory
2) Locke's property theory |
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Definition
1) property can not exist before the social contract or apart from government
2) property exists before social contract and is a natural right |
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Term
| How did the American Revolution echo Locke's views? |
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Definition
| No taxation without representation |
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Term
| How did the American Revolution echo Locke's views? |
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Definition
| No taxation without representation/ and that the state was instituted for the the purpose of protecting property |
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Term
| How did Burke disagree with Locke? |
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Definition
| Burke believed that lockes theory of natural right was a metaphysical fantasy |
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Term
| How did Burke disagree with Locke? |
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Definition
| Burke believed that lockes theory of natural right was a metaphysical fantasy |
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Term
| In what way did Burke agree with benthem |
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Definition
| The both felt that the idea of natural right was a metaphysical fantasy |
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Term
| Mills discovered what defect in democracy? |
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Definition
| "The tyranny of the majority" robs the the right of the minority of their right to be different. |
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Term
| Mills views of the rights of the individual. |
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Definition
| Mills believed that individuals must be protected from despotism but also from societies tendencies to impose ideas and practices on individuals. |
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Term
| Mills believes that there are 3 threats to liberty. |
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Definition
the process of industrialization
1) Commerce and manufacturing (promotes uniformity among the people)
2) mass communication (encourages everyone to think alike.
3) education/standard curriculum for everyone |
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Term
| MILLS Believes what about silencing opinion? |
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Definition
| That it the hurts those who silence it because they lose the oppportunity to learn more |
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Term
| How is the term liberal used today |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 issues of normative ethics |
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Definition
1) non moral value (what is the good life)
2) moral value (what is right and what is wrong)
3) moral obligation (what one ought to do) |
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Term
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Definition
| MORAL OBLIGATION based on nonmoral value. (Any action that hinders the good life is morally wrong) |
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Term
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Definition
| Promates the idea that there is a moral standard that is valid whether or not it lead to the good life |
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Term
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Definition
| The greatest happiness for the most people |
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Term
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Definition
| The greatest happiness for the most people |
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Term
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Definition
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