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| - each November cctv holds a 2 day session in which its top 230 commercial time spots are sold to the highest bidders |
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| Advantage of field experiments |
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| naturalness, people are studied in their typical |
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| • internet and civic involvement |
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| o Open market, few regulations, restrictions on cyber crimes, fraud, misleading information, child indecency; copyright is a concern, privacy is another concern |
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| o Voice over Internet Protocol: the method of sending telephone calls over the internet |
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| height of wave above a neutral point, a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via radio carrier wave |
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| - method used in digital recording and reproduction in which assigned is sampled at various points and the resulting value is translated into binary numbers |
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| • Competition in the radio industry |
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| most competitive in contemporary media, from advertising to station universe, and the share of audience |
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| helper application to help handle a file, to identify file type and start up appropriate plug in, like quicktime |
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| cost per thousand one measure of efficiency in the media, defines the cost to reach 1,000 people cpm= cost of spot/ audience |
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| movement of audiences from program to another |
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| specific group a radio or tv program is trying to attract |
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| is the primary organizational unit within the Federal Communications Commission that is responsible for enforcement of provisions of the Communications Act, the Commission's rules, Commission orders and terms and conditions of station authorizations. Major areas of enforcement that are handled by the Enforcement Bureau are: (1) consumer protection enforcement; (2) local competition enforcement; and (3) public safety/homeland security enforcement. |
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| a tiny device that took place of the vacuum tube, made it possible to produce small lightweight inexpensive radios |
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| device invented by Lee Deforest that amplified weak radio signals |
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| internet service provider such as aol gave consumers access to the internet |
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| The International Bureau's mission is to connect the globe for the good of consumers through prompt authorizations, innovative spectrum management and responsible global leadership." The International Bureau manages all FCC international telecommunications and satellite programs and policies, and represents the FCC at international conferences, meetings, and negotiations. The International Bureau consists of three divisions: Telecommunications, Satellite and Radio communication, and Planning and Negotiations. |
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| Consolidation in the radio industry |
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| Telecommunications Act of 1996 relaxed ownership restrictions, The number of owners continues to decline, as conglomerates become larger and larger |
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| an ethical theory, it spells out those duties that are morally required of all of us |
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| holds that a person should act in a way that produces the greatest possible ratio of good over evil |
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| Control in the radio industry |
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| radio managers gain more control of radio programming promotions and marketing their stations |
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| broadcasters were required to negotiate some form of compensation from the cable system in return for their signals being carried on the cable |
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| - the cable company was required to air local TV stations programs schedule in its entirety, but the broadcaster was not entitled to any form of compensation. |
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| Wireless telecommunications bureau |
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| handles nearly all FCC domestic wireless telecommunications programs, policies, and outreach initiatives. The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau also implements laws and treaties covering the use of radio for the safety of life and property at sea and in the air, and administers commercial and amateur radio operator programs |
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| are any attributes relating to personality, values, attitudes, interests, or lifestyles. They are also called IAO variables (for Interests, Activities, and Opinions), psychographic variables like attitudes, personality formation, and cultural touchstones. a relatively complete profile of a person or group's psychographic make-up is constructed, this is called a psychographic profile |
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| Nielson rating device that indicates if a radio or tv set is in use and to what station the set is tuned |
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| - in ratings handheld device that reports what tv show is being watched. Also gather who is watching |
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| audiometer and peoplemeter. NTI, local peoplemeter, LPMs |
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| - reported the viewership of network programs |
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| theory suggesting that watching a great deal of stereotyped TV content will cause distorted perceptions of the real world |
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| - act in the way that is best for you. Any action is judged to be right or wrong in terms of its consequences for one’s self |
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| when faced with an ethical dilemma a person using this theory begins by identifying the extremes and then searches to find some balance point or mean that lies between them |
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| a code of behavior for using the Internet KEY WORDS- Privacy, Data Collection, Intellectual Property Rights, Data Rights Management |
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| research is a method of inquiry appropriated in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts |
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| earliest theories of media effects held that mass communicated messages would have strong and more or less of universal effects on the audience they reached |
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| - most controversial, most researched by all 4 methods, surfaced in the 1930s and continues today, started off with gangsters |
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| heavy viewers within social subgroups develop common perceptions that differ from those of light viewers in the same subgroup |
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| Unlike the hypodermic needle model, which considers mass media effects to be direct, the two-step flow model stresses human agency. The Two Step Flow hypothesizes that ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders, and from them to a wider population |
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| One party knows a great deal about the other, but the other does not. The most common form of such relationships are one-sided relations between celebrities and audience or fans |
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| learning and modeling media characters- People can learn by observing the behavior is of others and the outcomes of those behaviors |
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| the pattern of news coverage during an election campaign can help determine what political issues the public perceives as important |
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| a sample of viewers record viewing in a specially prepared diary and to mail the finished diary back to Arbitron. In 1955 technique for gathering data |
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| measured both radio listening and television viewing, no button pushing |
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| Collect consumers’ grocery shopping data |
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| research technique that summarizes the findings of many separate studies about a single topic |
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