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K-state, Dr. Yasmin Patell
Chapters 1 and 2
109
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
06/29/2008

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Cards

Term
definition of chemistry
Definition
the study of the composition, structure, and behavior of matter
Term
pure substance
Definition
a form of matter that bas a definite compositioun and distinct properties
Term
definition of an element
Definition
a substance that cannot be seperated into simpilat substances, into simpliar substances by chemical means
Term
definition of a compound
Definition
is a substance composed of atoms of 2 or more elements chemically, combined in fixed proportions
Term

definition of homogeneous mixture

Definition
completely uniform at the particulate level and consists of one or more substances in the same place
Term
definition of a heterogeneous mixture
Definition
a non-uniform at the particulate level and consists of one or more substances in different phases
Term
Tera-
Definition

T

 

10^12

 

Term
Giga-
Definition

G

 

10^9

Term
Mega-
Definition

M

 

10^6

Term

Kilo-

Definition

k

 

10^3

Term
deci-
Definition

d

 

10^-1

Term
centi-
Definition

c

 

10^-2

Term

milli-

Definition

m

 

10^-3

Term
micro-
Definition

μ

 

10^-6

Term
nano-
Definition

n

 

10^-9

Term
pico-
Definition

p

 

10^-12

Term
definition of mass
Definition
measure of the quantity of matter(constant)
Term
definition of weight
Definition
force that gravity exerts on an object(variable)
Term

defintion of volume

Definition

SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m3)

 

Volume = cm= mL

Term
the equation for density
Definition

Density= mass/volume

 d= m/v

is in the units of kg/m3

Term

equation for converting

Fahernheit -> Celsius

Definition
C=(F-32) x 5/9
Term

equation for converting

Celsius -> Fahrenheit

Definition

F= (9/5 x C) + 32

Term

equation for converting

Celsius -> Kelvin

Definition
K = C + 273
Term
what is accuracy?
Definition
how close a measurement is to the true value
Term
What is precision?
Definition
how close a set of measurements are to each other
Term
The Atomic # tells the _____
Definition
number of protons in the nucleus
Term

The mass # tells the ______

Definition
number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus
Term
Isotopes are _____
Definition
atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. (same # of protons, different number of neutrons)
Term
The definition of molecule
Definition
an aggregate of two or more atoms in a definite arrangement held togethor by chemical forces
Term
What is the definition of a diatomic molecule?
Definition

it contains only two atoms

(H2, N2, HCl, CO, O2)

Term

what is the definition of a polyatomic molecule?

Definition

it contains more than two atoms

(O3, H2O, NH3, CH4)

Term
What is an ion?
Definition
it is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive, or negative charge.
Term

What are the 2 categories of an ion?

What are their individual definitions?

Definition

Cation and Anion

Cation- is an ion with a positive charge; metal, and loses electrons to form cations

Anion- is an ion with a negative charge; non-metal atoms gain electrons to form anions

Term

What is a monatomic ion?

What is a polyatomic ion?

Definition

Mono- (one) contains only one atom

Na+,Cl-, Ca2+, O2-, Al3-

 

Poly- (many) contains more than one atom

 OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3-

Term
How many protons and electrons are in 2713 Al3+
Definition

Prontons- 13

Electrons- 10

Term

What does the molecular formula show?

Definition

It shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance.

Term
What is an empirical formula?
Definition
It shows the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a substance.
Term
What is an ionic compound?
Definition

It is a compound consisting of a combination of cations and anions.

The formula is always the same as the empirical formula.

The sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in each formula must equal zero.

Term
Predict the charges of Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA.
Definition

IA +

IIA 2+

IIIA 3+

Term
Predict the charges of anions(non-metals) VA, VIA, VIIA, and VIIIA
Definition

VA 3-

VIA 2-

VIIA -

VIIIA 0

 

Term

the monotomic cation of Li is named what?

Definition
Lithium ion
Term
What is the system used to notate that the metal can form more than one cation?
Definition
The Stock System
Term

Properly name the following in the Stock system format:

Cu+

Cu2+

Fe2+

Fe3+

Definition

Copper I

Copper II

Iron II

Iron III

Term
Polyatomic cations end with what suffix?
Definition

-ium

 

Ex: NH4+ is ammonium

Term
Monotomic Anions end with what suffix?
Definition

-ide

Term

What is the name of the monoatomic anion

 

N?

Definition
Nitride
Term

What is the name of the monoatomic anion

 

P?

Definition
Phosphide
Term

What is the name of the monoatomic anion

 

O?

Definition
Oxide
Term

What is the name of the monoatomic anion

 

S?

Definition
sulfide
Term

What is the name of the monoatomic anion

 

F?

Definition
fluoride
Term

What is the name of the monoatomic anion

 

Cl?

Definition
Chloride
Term

What is the name of the monoatomic anion

 

Br?

Definition

Bromide

Term

What is the name of the monoatomic anion

 

I?

Definition

Iodide

Term

Polyatomic Anion- SO42-

Definition
sulfate
Term
Polyatomic Anion- SO32-
Definition
Sulfite
Term
Polyatomic Anion- NO3-
Definition
Nitrate
Term
Polyatomic Anion- NO2-
Definition
Nitrite
Term
Polyatomic Anion- CN-
Definition
Cyanide
Term
Polyatomic Anion- CO32-
Definition
Carbonate
Term
Polyatomic Anion- MnO4-
Definition
Permanganate
Term
Polyatomic Anion- PO43-
Definition
Phosphate
Term
Polyatomic Anion- C2H3O2-
Definition

Acetate

Term

Polyatomic Anion- ClO3-

Definition
Chlorate
Term
Polyatomic Anion- Cr2O22-
Definition
Dichromate
Term
Polyatomic Anion- HPO42-
Definition
Hydrogen Phosphate
Term
Polyatomic Anion- ClO2-
Definition
Chlorite
Term

What is the rule for naming Ionic Compounds whose cation forms only one charge?

Definition
Name the metal cation first, followed by the non-metal anion
Term

Name NaCl

Definition
Sodium chloride
Term
Name KCN
Definition
Potassium Cyanide
Term
Name Na2SO4
Definition
Sodium sulfate
Term

Name Mg3(PO4)2

Definition
Magnesium Phosphate
Term
Name Li2S
Definition

Lithium Sulfide

Term
What are the rules of naming an Ionic Compound whose cation forms more than one charge- known as the Stock System? 
Definition

1.) Write the name of the cation first

2.) Write the charge on the cation as a Roman Numeral

3.) Write the name of the anion

Term

Name - Fe2Cl

Definition
Iron II Chloride
Term
Name - CuO2
Definition
Copper II Oxide
Term
Name - Cu2Cl
Definition
Copper II Chloride
Term
Name - Sn4O2
Definition
Tin IV Oxide
Term

Name - Sn2O

Definition
Tin II Oxide
Term

What is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds?

Definition

Ionic compounds have metal in the compound

Molecular compounds have no metal in the compound.

Term
How do you name molecular compounds?
Definition

1.) Name the first element and add -ide to the stem of the name of the second element

2.) Indicate the number of each element by the use of greek prefixes.

Term
Name - P4S3
Definition
Tetraphosphorous Trisulfide
Term
Name - CO2
Definition
Carbon Dioxide
Term
Name - CO
Definition
Carbon Monoxide
Term

Name - N2O4

Definition
Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Term
Name - SF6
Definition
Sulfur Hexafluoride
Term

What makes an acid?

How do you name an acid?

Definition

It is a molecular compound that yields hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water.

 

If (aq)"meaning aqueous solution" is at the end of the name, add Hydro- and Acid

 

HCl(aq) - Hydrochloric Acid

Term
Name - HBr(aq)
Definition
Hydrobromic Acid
Term
Name - HI(aq)
Definition
Hydroiodic Acid
Term
Name - HF(aq)
Definition
Hydrofluoric Acid
Term
Name - HCN
Definition
Hydrocyanic Acid
Term

Name - H2S

Definition
Hydrosulfuric Acid
Term
What is an oxoacid?
Definition

It is an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element.

Term

What happens if the suffix of the anion is -ate?       -ite?

Definition

If it is -ate, it becomes -ic.

If it is -ite, it becomes -ous.

Term
Name - H2CO3
Definition
Carbonic Acid
Term
Name - HNO4
Definition

Nitric Acid

Term

Name - HNO3

Definition
Nitrous Acid
Term

Name - H2SO3

Definition
Sulfuric Acid
Term
Name - H3PO4
Definition

Phosphuric Acid

Term

Name - HClO3

Definition
Chloric Acid
Term
Name - HClO4
Definition
Perchloric Acid
Term
Name - HClO2
Definition
Chlorous Acid
Term
Name - HClO
Definition
Hypochlorous Acid
Term
Name - ClO4-
Definition
Perchlorate
Term
Name - ClO3-
Definition
Chlorate
Term
Name - ClO2-
Definition
Chlorite
Term
Name - ClO-
Definition
Hypochlorite
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