Term
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Definition
| life interval between childhood and adulthood |
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Term
| Adolescents get in trouble because |
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Definition
| you get increasing freedom from your parents. develop new tastes and interests for more expensive, newer and better things. the lenghtening duration of adolescence. unmet needs and frustrations in childhood that turn into unacceptable behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| historian that said the history of violence in childhood is extremely high. |
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Term
| Development of the Modern Concept of Adolescence |
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Definition
| The end of childhood labor, compulsory public school, parenting(raising children meant you were conquering them), push to protect legal rights of children |
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Term
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Definition
| kids must go to school and the schooling is free. |
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Term
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Definition
| act committed by a minor that violates the code of the government with authority over the area in which the act occurs. |
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Term
| General cutoff age for juvenile court is |
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Definition
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Term
| Juvenile Delinquency Laws |
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Definition
| Laws specifically geared toward the treatment of juvenile behavior. average delinquent is doing minor stuff (stealing, marijuana, vandalizing) |
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Term
| Juvenile Delinquency was developed |
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Definition
| in Illinois around 1899 as a part of the new juvenile delinquency laws |
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Term
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Definition
| act that is illegal because of a person's age. i.e: not going to school, don't get along with your parents, underage drinking, running away etc |
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Term
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Definition
| laws that deal with juvenile delinquents. usually state when the government can get involved in a child's life |
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Term
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Definition
| philosophy of juvenile court and rehabilitation. a juvenile can change no matter what the crime is. |
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Term
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Definition
| MINS, CHINS, JINS, CHINA, PINS, FINS |
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Term
| 9 State Initiatives in Juvenile Justice |
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Definition
| curfew, parental responsibility laws, combating street gangs, movement toward graduated sanctions, juvenile boot camps, youth and guns, juvenile proceedings and records, juvenile transfer to criminal court |
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Term
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Definition
| violent & property crimes |
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Term
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Definition
| prostitution, gambling, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| proportion of offenses that have come to the attention of the police that are considered solved. (closed-confessions, solid evidence) |
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Term
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Definition
| not all crimes are reported to the police, UCR data is more a reflection of police policy, more so than the reality of crime or for the safety of the community, see more young people reflected in the data just because they don't know what they're doing because they're young and naive. |
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Term
| 2005 UCR Arrest data for Juveniles |
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Definition
| total arrests: 15.3%, violent crimes: 15.8%, property crimes: 26 |
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Term
| Juveniles are arrested for 49% of all arson |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| arson, motor vehicle theft, burglary |
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Term
| Homocide Rates for Juveniles |
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Definition
| increased in the late 80's, reached a peak in 1993 and started to decline after; dramatic increase in drug offenses |
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Term
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Definition
| more likely to be arrested than suburban kids |
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Term
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Definition
| more likely to be arrested but disproportionate numbers for minorities(more white than minorities in certain areas) |
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Term
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Definition
| 45%, violent crimes:22%, property crimes:51% |
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Term
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Definition
| 27%, violent crimes: 16%, property crimes: 32% |
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Term
| Juvenile Court Statistics |
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Definition
| second biggest area to get juvenile crime data |
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Term
| Problems with the Juvenile Court Statistics |
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Definition
| time lag in gathering data, only makes up a small percentage of total number of juvenile defenses, because it is an estimate it only uses a sample of courts around the nation. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.6 cases, person offenses went up, property crimes went down, drug law violations went way up, more recently a drop in total offenses |
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Term
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Definition
| increased 68% from '86 to '95 |
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Term
| Juvenile Cases from '01 to '04 |
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Definition
| person:increase, property:decrease, drug offenses:decrease, public order:increase, overall: 1% Increase |
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Term
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Definition
| a study of people that have something in common |
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Term
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Definition
| study a group of people over a certain period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| study a group of people at one point in time |
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Term
| Criticisms of Cohort Studies |
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Definition
| lose some of the people that are participating in the study, difficult to generalize the findings out beyond the people in the cohort, expensive and time consuming |
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Term
| General Findings of Cohort Studies |
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Definition
| philadelphia, wisconsin, england, ohio |
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Term
| Cohort Studies found a lot of agreement between different cohorts |
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Definition
| lower class minority males committed the most serious offenses, you see only a few offenders committing most of the crimes, punishments in the juvenile justice system made kids even worse, kids who have a juvenile record are more than likely to have an adult record later on in their life, kids progressed from minor crimes to more serious crimes |
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Term
| Self-Report Studies Criticisms |
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Definition
| validity: are the respondents telling the truth; with validity there could be a problem with measuring serious delinquents and some kids who have committed serious delinquent acts won't even participate in the survey. RELIABILITY |
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Term
| General Findings of Self-Report Studies |
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Definition
| 1)a lot of undetected delinquency that exists in society 2) middle class and lower class kids both commit a lot of delinquent behavior 3)major offenses go hidden too 4.) lower class kids say they commit more frequent acts especially in their early years 5.)more likely to be chronic offenders |
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Term
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Definition
| females commit more delinquent acts than what police records indicate |
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Term
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Definition
| ask people questions about their experience as being victims |
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Term
| Limitations of Victimization Survey |
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Definition
| people's stories get more exaggerated than what really happened, concerned about who is committing the crimes, don't keep track of victimless crimes |
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Term
| General Findings of Victimization Survey |
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Definition
| In the yr 2000, there were 26 million victimizations, in 1996 there were 37 million victimizations, males are more likely to be victimized than females in every category but rape of assault, black americans are more likely to be victimized, 16-19 yr olds are more likely to be victimized than any other age, lower class more than upper class |
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Term
| Juveniles are more likely to commit property crimes and are more likely to be |
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Definition
| victims of a lot of crimes |
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Term
| African Americans are more likely to be perpetrators and victims of |
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Definition
| serious crimes like robbery, homocide |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 out of every 10 are reported |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pleasure, social conscience, mediator in the conflict between the ID and the Super Ego |
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Term
| 4 reasons why emotional problems develop in children |
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Definition
| 1)unacceptable desire that you can't control, 2)weak or defective super ego, 3)overdeveloped super ego, 4)lack of gratification overtime |
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Term
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Definition
| crime can be an emotional and magical process that a person goes through where it heightens their senses; instead of focusing on traditional factors understand factors that make crime attractive and fun |
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Term
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Definition
| crime can be an emotional and magical process that a person goes through where it heightens their senses; instead of focusing on traditional factors understand factors that make crime attractive and fun |
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Term
| Philip Cook-Market Perspective |
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Definition
| a criminal is a rational thinking person and they look for a target that is attractive, a high pay of and relatively easy; non-criminals try their best to make ourselves hard targets |
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Term
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Definition
| A philosophical approach, theory, or system based on the view that in the social as well as in the natural sciences sense experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| focused on the digestive system has the tendency toward plumpness. person seeks comfort and affectionate |
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Term
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Definition
| focused on circulatory system, corresponds to the somatonia temperament courageous, energetic, active, dynamic, assertive, aggressive, risk taker. strong, athletic and tough and fond of muscular activity |
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Term
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Definition
| nervous system and the brain artistic, senstive and apprehensive. thin long and poorly developed. physically weak |
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