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| Lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme court. |
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| Authority of a court to hear a case. |
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| Power shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases. |
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| In civil law, the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another (the defendant) in court. |
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| The person against whom a court action is brought by; the person charged with the crime. |
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| Power of the federal courts alone to hear certain cases. |
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| Power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court. |
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| The authority of a court to review decision of inferior courts. |
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| A case in which the defendant is tried for committing a crime. |
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| A case involving a noncriminal matter such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement. |
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| A list of court cases the court still must bring into session. |
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| An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review. |
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| A method of puttign a case before the Supreme Court; used when a lower court is not clear about the procedure or rule of law that should apply in a case and asks the Supreme Court to certify the answer to a specific question. |
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| Officially called the Opinion of the Court; announces the Court's decision in a case and sets out the reasoning upon which it is based. |
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| Court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases. |
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| Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who support a decision reached by a majority of the court, but wish to add or emphasize a point that was not made in the majority decision. |
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| Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who disagree with (dissent from) a decision reached by a majority of the court. |
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| Satisfaction of a claim payment. |
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| A court operating as part of the judicial branch, entirely separate from the military establishment. |
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| A court composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused of violating military law. |
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| A justice who handles minor civil complaints and misdemeanor cases that arise in an urban setting. |
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| The first ten amendments to the Constitution. |
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| The guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion. |
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| A term used for those positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people, ex: prohibitions of discrimination. |
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| Foreign-born resident, or noncitizen. |
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| Part of the 14th Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people. |
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| The process of incorporating or including most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause. |
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| Separates church and state. |
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| Church-related, as in a parochial school. |
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| The second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion. |
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| False and malicious use of printed words. |
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| False and malicious use of spoken words. |
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| The crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent actions. |
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| Words urging others for the violent overthrow of the government. |
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| The government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed. |
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| A law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential information in legal proceedings. |
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| Expression by conduct; communicating ideas through facial expressions, body language or by carrying a sign or wearing an arm band. |
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| Patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike. |
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| To gather with one another in order to express views on public matters. |
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| The government may not regulate assemblies on the basis on what might be said. |
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| The right to associate with others to promote political, economic and other social causes. |
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| A court order which prevents unjust arrests and imprisonments. |
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| A legislative act that inflicts punishment without a court trial. |
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| A law applied to an act committed before its passage. |
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| The formal device by which a person can be accused of a serious crime. |
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| The prosecution for the same offense twice. |
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| A trial held before a judge sitting without a jury. |
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| You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you. Do you understand these rights as they have been read to you?- The rules that are required to be stated before an arrest. |
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| An amount of money given to a court to persuade it to release a defendant from jail. |
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| Imprisonment before a trial in order to secure public safety. |
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| The killing of a person by judicial process as a punishment for an offense. |
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| A crime creating the betrayal or defiance of a nation. |
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Date: 1803
Case: First case declared unconstitutional. |
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Date: 1968
Case: Girl couldn't wear arm band, but then she was allowed to. |
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| Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier |
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Date: 1987
Case: In a newspaper article, there were inappropriate articles and they were excluded from the newspaper. The School won. |
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| Bethel School District v. Frasier |
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Date: 1986
Case: Naughty kid who went and said an inappropriate speech and was expelled, kid was convicted. |
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Date: 2006
Case: School officials can prohibit speech promoting drug use. Yes and not reached. |
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Date: 1997
Case: Porn restrictions, kids who were given porn was illegal. |
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Date: 1966
Case: All people whom are arrested must be told of their rights. |
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Date: 1979
Case: Went by a retarded school, without gun and police, by talking to themselves, were able to find out where the gun was. Police won. |
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Date: 1984
Case: If it is a public safety problem, an exception can occur. |
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Date: 1984
Case: Supermarket case and issue of a public safety. |
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Date: 1957
Case: Man was convicted of leaving the army, was arrested. Said the man was right, it was unconstitutional. |
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Date: 1972
Case: Man was convicted of accidental murder by accidentally killing someone, which was ruled unconstitutional. |
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Date: 1976
Case: Convicted of armed robbery and murder, he |
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Date: 2002
Case: Because a man was "slightly" mentally retarded, he was not convicted to capital punishment! |
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Date: 2004
Case: Executing minors is cruel and unusual punishment! |
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