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Definition
| Crimes by an individual or group against the state. |
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| Cases brought by individuals against other individuals. Generally involve contracts, wills, compensation, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Highest court of appeals in the UK.
12 supreme court judges.
Clarify the meaning of the law.
Judicial review.
Set legal precedence.
E.g. Julian Assange extradition case.
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Term
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Definition
hear appeals from Crown / County courts.
Set legal precedence.
E.g. 1991 Rosemary West's unsuccessful appeal against her imprisonment for multiple murder charges. |
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Definition
Hear high profile cases.
E.g. Max Mosely's successful attempt to clear his name from NotW "Nazi sex orgy" allegations. |
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Definition
Lowest level of the judiciary (magistrates aren't technically judges).
Crown generally hear criminal cases and County generally hear civil cases.
E.g. Harry redknapp's tax evasion trial, 2012. |
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Term
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Definition
The process by which judges review the actions of public officials or public bodies in order to determine whether they have acted in a manner that is lawful.
HRA (1998) has seen an increase in the scope and nature of review in the UK. |
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Definition
| Law created by legal precedence. |
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Term
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Definition
No one can be punished without trial.
No one is above the law and all are subject to the same justice.
The general principles of the constitution result from judges' decisions, rather than parliamentary statute. |
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Definition
| Judges have an open contract up to the age of 75. |
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Definition
| Fund used by the government to pay judges' wages. |
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Definition
| A process by which supposed independent bodies are influenced by party politics. |
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Definition
Justices of the Supreme Court;
heads of divisions;
Lords Justices of Appeal;
High Court judges;
Deputy High Court judges |
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Definition
| The term given when a judicial review decides that parliament has over-stepped its powers when creating a statute law. |
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Definition
| Law created by Parliament. |
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Term
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Definition
Fundamental freedoms that all citizens should enjoy.
They should be respected and ensured by the government. |
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Term
| European Convention on Human Rights (1950) |
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Definition
The ECHR was a European Bill of Rights.
Separate from the EU.
ECHR is based in Strasbourg.
Entrenched law - used as a basis for judicial review.
Less relevent since HRA (1998).
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Term
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Definition
| The theory that in the UK we are ruled by what we cannot do, rather than what we are actively allowed to do (as in France and the USA as a result of their codified constitutions). |
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