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| Jews who lived in or came from central Europe. |
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| Coming of age ceremony that marks the time when a young person is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community. |
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| Judaism before the destruction of the second temple. |
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| An ancient name for the land of Israel. |
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| A branch of Judaism that attempts to blend the best of the old and new. |
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| A contract; contract between the hebrews and their god, Yahweh. |
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| The dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and Mediterranean region. |
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| a reclusive semi-monastic Jewish group that flourished from 150BCE-68CE. |
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| A early winter festival recalling the re-dedication of the second temple, celebrated with the lighting of candles for eight days. |
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| The destruction of European Judaism by Nazis; also know as Shoah |
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| The whole body of Jewish mystical literature. |
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| The third section of the Hebrew scriptures, consisting primarily of poetry, proverbs, and literary works. |
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| Refers particularly to food preparation and food consumption |
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| A candelabrum usually containing seven-occasionally nine-branches, used for religious celebrations. |
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| A savior figure to be sent by god, awaited by the Jews |
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| Rabbinical commentary on the scriptures and oral law |
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| Prophets; the second section of the Hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books. |
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| The most traditional branch of Judaism |
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| A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrew exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression. |
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| A faction during the second temple period that emphasized the observance of biblical rules |
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| A person inspired by god to speak for him |
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| A joyous festival in early spring that recalls the Jews being saved from destruction, as told in the book of Ester. |
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| A religious teacher, Jewish minister. |
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| Judaism that developed after the destruction of the second temple |
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| A modern liberal branch of Judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of Judaism. |
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| A movement beginning in the nineteenth century that questioned and modernized Judaism; a liberal branch of Judaism |
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| The celebration of the Jewish New Year, occurring in the 7th lunar moon |
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| The seventh day of the week, a day of prayer and rest from work. |
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| A priestly faction, influential during second temple period. |
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| A special ritual meal at passover, recalling the Hebrews exodus from Egypt. |
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| Jews of Spain, Morocco, and Mediterranean region. |
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| Festival in the late autumn that recalls the Jews period of wondering in the desert after exodus from Egypt. |
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| A prayer shawl worn by devout males. |
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| An encyclopedic commentary on the Hebrew scriptures. |
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| The complete hebrew scriptures, made up of the torah, Prophets, and writing. |
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| Phylacteries; two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by orthodox males on the head and left arm at morning prayer during the week. |
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| A revelation or appearance of God. |
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| The first five books of the Hebrew scriptures; also the additional instruction of god, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through the succession of teachers and rabbis. |
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| Foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer. |
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| A skullcap worn by devout males. |
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| Day of atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish Year. |
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| An anti-Roman, nationalistic Jewish faction, active during the roman period of control over Israel. |
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| A movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of Israel. |
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