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| Ancient southern kingdom that Israel split into, named after one of Jacobs 12 sons, centered in Jerusalem. |
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| Member of the people of israel standing in a special covenant with God |
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| The homeland of the Jewish people. The name comes from the offspring of Jacob personified as one. It was the name of the United Kingdom and the northern part of the divided kingdom. Modern Jewish state founded in 1948. |
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| Revealed to the Jewish people at Mt. Sinai. The first 5 books of the Hebrew bible. |
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| The first books of the Hebrew Bible (the scrolls) Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy given by God at mt. sinai |
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| Given by god to moses at mt. sinai, it is the knowledge to interpret the Torah and apply the teachings of the Torah to life. the literary expression of this is called the Talmud. |
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| the jewish scriptures made up of the torah, the neviim, ketubim. |
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| The books of the prophets |
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| the writings (psalms, proverbs, ect) |
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| the written form of the oral torah. Mishna plus Gemara (commentary on Mishna) |
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| Written by Rabbi Judah around 200 CE, the legal interpreations of torah. the written form of oral torah. |
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| commentary on the Mishnah. Part of the talmud. |
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| central story of judaism: escape from slavery in Egypt under moses's leadership, recieving the torah at mt. sinai, 40 years of wandering in the desert before entry into promised land. |
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| central story of judaism: escape from slavery in Egypt under moses's leadership, recieving the torah at mt. sinai, 40 years of wandering in the desert before entry into promised land. |
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| Mountain in wilderness of sinai penninsula, where torah was recieved. |
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| First patriarch of the jewish people, model of authentic faith in god, first person to be singled out to live in covenant with god, all jewish people are direct descendents. |
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| Greatest of hebrew prophets, leader of israel through exodus, reciever of torah, only human to have spoken with god face to face. |
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| most loved and respected king of israel, model of messiah to come, second of 3 kings to rule over united israel, reigning between 1002 and 962 BCE |
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| The mountain on which Jerusalem and the Temple was built, symbollic of the entire promised land, place where redemption will begin and where the messiah will reign. |
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| communication by god to human beings, greatest revelation is torah at mt. sinai. |
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| special relationship between god and people of israel, begun with abraham, reconfirmed with the giving of the torah. |
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| Circumcision (brit milah) |
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| initiation ritual for a boy as a member of the covenant, normally occurs the 8th day after birth |
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| ceremony in which 13 year old boy becomes an adult, involves reciting formal blessings over torah. |
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| equivalent of bar mitzvah for girls, only in Reform and Conservative congregations |
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| proclamation of the unity of god "Hear O israel the lord our god. the lord is one." |
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| traditional structure of congregational prayer for all days but holy days, established by rabbis of the mishnah, the siddur is the book form of the order of prayer |
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| stories elaborating on incidents in the bible, to derive a principal of jewish law or a moral lesson. |
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| one of 2 parts of oral torah, having to do with commandments and their implications for jewish life |
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| 1 of 2 subjects in oral torah, encompasses matters of belief (everything but commandments and their implications) |
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| good deed or virtuous action, refers to action or deed comanded in torah. there are 613 mitzvah in the torah. |
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| hebrew meaning "fit to eat"/ food selected and prepared to meet jewish dietary law |
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| leather straps around arms and small passages of torah worn by adult males in morning prayer |
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| The quorum necessary to recite certain prayers, consisting of ten adult Jewish men |
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| A man who will be chosen by G-d to put an end to all evil in the world, rebuild the Temple, bring the exiles back to Israel and usher in the world to come. |
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| form of judaism that is linked with the belief that the messiah is either coming very soon or has already come |
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| The Dead Sea scrolls consist of about 900 documents, including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1956 in eleven caves by the Dead Sea, include some of the only known surviving copies of Biblical documents made before 100 BC and preserve evidence of late Second Temple Judaism. They are written in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek, generally date between 150 BCE to 70 CE. |
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| A movement of Judaism that began approximately 2200 years ago (after destruction of 2nd temple). It is the forerunner of rabbinic Judaism, which encompasses all of the movements of Judaism in existence today. |
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| A movement of Judaism that began approximately 2200 years ago. It died out shortly after the destruction of the Temple. Did not believe in oral torah. |
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| The Zealots were basically a nationalistic movement, not a religious one. Committed mass suicide at Masada. |
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| The Essenes were an ascetic and mystical group devoted to strict discipline. They lived in isolation from the world. The Dead Sea Scrolls are believed to be the product of an Essene sect. Some scholars believe that early Christianity was influenced by the mystical and hermetical teachings of the Essenes. |
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| where the dead sea scrolls were found |
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| Masada is the name for a site of ancient palaces and fortifications in the South District of Israel on top of an isolated rock plateau, on the eastern edge of the Judean Desert overlooking the Dead Sea. After the First Jewish-Roman War a siege of the fortress by troops of the Roman Empire led to the mass suicide of the Sicarii rebels, who preferred death to surrender. |
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| The Roman invasion and destruction of the 2nd temple and if Isreal and Judah as nations |
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| Holy city, established by King David as capital of Kingdom of Israel, God chose it for his temple. Means "city of Peace" |
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| the Temple (first and second) |
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| place in jerusalem where god chose to be worshiped by means of sacrificial rituals. center of jewish life until last destruction in 70 CE |
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| city in palestine where rabbinical academy was established after temple destruction. the siddur and mishna were its products. |
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| was a first-century Jewish historian and apologist of priestly and royal ancestry who survived and recorded the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70. His works give an important insight into first-century Judaism. |
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| First great jewish philosopher, synthisized Plato with Biblical religion |
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| Respected Rabbi whose interpretations and arguments are in the Talmud. Died a martyr at hands o fRomans |
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| First century CE rabbi whose interpretations are in Talmud "what is hateful to yourself do not do to fellow man" |
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| First century CE rabbi whose interpretations are in Talmud "what is hateful to yourself do not do to fellow man" |
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| Post-biblical judaism, accepting theory and practice of oral torah. rabbis are masters of oral torah. |
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| religious jew who identfies with and practices judaism as a religious faith |
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| seperation of people of israel from their promised homeland and their dispersal across the world. symbol of unredeemed status of the world |
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| jewish weekly holy day from sunset friday to sunset saturday |
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| Lit. Day of Atonement. A day set aside for fasting, depriving oneself of pleasures, and repenting from the sins of the previous year. |
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