Dante and Virgil descend to the second circle, this one smaller than the first. This is the actual beginning of Hell where the sinners are punished for their sins. Dante witnesses Minos, a great beast, examining each soul as it stands for judgment. Minos hears the souls confess their sins, and then wraps his tail around himself to determine the number of the circle where the sinner belongs Dante then asks particularly to speak to two sinners who are together, and Virgil tells him to call them to him in the name of love. They come, and one thanks Dante for his pity and wishes him peace, and she then tells their story. She reveals first that a lower circle of Hell waits for the man who murdered them. With bowed head, Dante tells Virgil he is thinking of the "sweet thoughts and desires" that brought the lovers to this place. Calling Francesca by name, he asks her to explain how she and her lover were lured into sin.Francesca replies that a book of the romance of Lancelot and Guinevere caused their downfall. They were alone, reading it aloud, and so many parts of the book seemed to tell of their own love. They kissed, and the book was forgotten. "We read no more that day."During her story, the other spirit weeps bitterly, and Dante is so moved by pity that he also weeps — and faints.

they were ageless and immortal

more powerful than human beings

had human traits like jealousy,anger, and pettiness

were not puppet masters:did not control peoples destiny

could hinder or help a person

define paradox and hyperbole

examples from cattalus

hyperbole- exaggeration or overstatement of emphasis

paradox- contradiction that reveals the truth

Cattalus- wrote about clodia, referred to as lesbia. most of his poems are about her and his feelings for her

examples:More than any man can love

Jupiter himself came asking (hyperbole)

i hate and i love (Paradox)

reveals in truth that he is destroying himself inside

discuss the model of the roman hero and Aeneas

internal and external conflicts

Aeneas – he was courageous, bound by duty but also sensitive. He was always conflicted between his duty and his passion

Aeneas, hero into exile after fall of Troy. The ghost of his dead wife, Creusa, tells him to sail to Italy. The Aeneid is about the six years if sailing to Italy. Aeneas at one point sails to Carthage, where he falls in love with Queen Dido. When he leaves, she kills herself. Then he sails to Cumae. He meets Sybil, oracle of Apollo. Sybil takes him to the underworld to meet his father. There he receives the prophecy of the founding of Rome. Aeneas replaces the Greek hero with a true Roman hero

external conflict: aeneas' conflict with the greeks

internal conflict: Aeneas struggle with his duty to fight the greeks or to listen to the ghost of his dead wife to flee the city to Italy

discuss the model of the greek hero and Achilles

what is internal and external conflicts

Achilles – larger than life hero who was machine like

External Conflict – A character struggles against an outside force, another character, society, or a natural force

Internal Conflict – struggle within the character for opposing needs, desires, or motives