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Details

JRLC Chapter 12
Middleton, UGA
31
Journalism
Undergraduate 3
05/04/2012

Additional Journalism Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Richmond Newspaper v. Virginia
Definition
the courts ruled that the public and the press have a constitutional right to attend trials
Term
Do citizens have the constitutional right of access BEYOND proceedings in the courts?
Definition
NO
Term
How do journalists gain access to government records?
Definition
They depend on statutes (they are not constitutionally given the right)
Term
Does the First Amendment guarantee the public or the press the right to obtain information? (1st principal)
Definition
NO
Term
Do journalists have greater rights of access to information? (2nd principal)
Definition
NO
Term
How is the public's need for access determined? (3rd principal)
Definition
It is balanced against sometimes conflicting social needs.
Term
Does the first amendment give the press more access to prisons than the general public?
Definition
No; prisons and war zones are not accessible to the general public or journalists.
Term
How do journalists report about troops in foreign countries?
Definition
Journalists covering news in foreign countries usually need permission from the host government.
Term
Who has authority over journalists covering wars involving US troops?
Definition
They are subject to the constitutional authority of the US president as commander in chief of the military.
Term
In _______, military officials and executives of a major news organization agreed to a set of _____ principals for media coverage of military.
Definition
1992; 9
*classified info not to be disclosed to press
Term
Strong open records law
Definition
a policy stating that records are open to any person
no reason needed to request or receive unless requester seeks a fee waiver
Term
Federal Freedom of Information Act
Definition
requires federal agencies to provide any person access to records, both paper and electronic, that do not fit one of the nine exempt categories.
Term
History/Purpose of FOIA
Definition
a bipartisan effort to increase public access to federal documents
Term
Presidential direction of FOIA
Definition
wants transparency and open gov.
gov. info should be disclosed
Term
Definition of "Agency"
Definition
any executive dept., miltary dept., gov. corporation, gov. controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch, or any independent regulatory agency
Term
Definition of "Record"
Definition
include most information that functions as a record of gov. activity and can be reproduced
(any format, including electronic)
physical items cannot be records
Term
Access for Whom? (FOIA)
Definition
ANY PERSON may submit a request for a federal record
(includes foreigners, media companies, etc.)
**cannot consider the purpose when deciding whether to disclose records
Term
FOIA Requests
Definition
mandates that agencies respond to requests promptly and requires only commercial users of the act to pay full search and copying cost
Term
Can denials of FOIA requests be appealed?
Definition
Yes; 20-day response deadline (if no response in 20 days, person may file a complaint in federal district court
Term
In camera view
Definition
the judicial examination of documents
Term
3 strengths of FOIA
Definition
1. little obligation for agency to search (no programming or new records required)
2. records might be provided in format requested
3. agencies do not have to provide indexes and descriptions of records
Term
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
Definition
students may withhold private information, including "directory information"
Term
How does FERPA protect educational records?
Definition
permits students over 18 or parents to see and correct their "educational records"
prohibits educational institutions from releasing educational records to public
Term
Are schools permitted by FERPA to release directory info?
Definition
Yes, unless students object.
Term
Does UGA have to contact students about FERPA?
Definition
NO.
Term
Does FERPA allow injured students to sue the university?
Definition
NO.
Term
Exemption No. 6
Definition
protects from disclosure a very wide array of info in personnel, medical and similar files that if released would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy
Term
Exemption No. 7 (Law Enforcement)
Definition
permits the gov. to withhold info compiled for law enforcement purposes
allows info to be withheld if disclosure would interfere with law enforcement investigations, disclose identities, etc...
Term
Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press
Definition
court ruled that FBI "rap sheets" on private individuals are exempt from disclosure even though much of the info found on the sheets can be found in public records in police stations
Term
Why did the court rule that the info could be withheld in Justice v. Reporters?
Definition
because the government's computerized database of rap sheets was private because in effect the facts and incidents from which it was compiled were private
it was hard to locate
Term
National Archives v. Favish
Definition
extended privacy rights under exemption 7 to living relatives of dead
required plaintiff seeking photos of a suicide scene
would reveal "what the gov. is up to" and provide evidence of gov. misconduct
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