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| Microphones with a heart-shaped or close-in pickup pattern. Good for interviews in noisy areas. |
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| Audio that is free from distortion, outside interference, and high levels of background noise. |
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| A microphone with a capacitor circuit that boosts the audio signal with its own power source. Needs electrical power to function. |
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| A moving coil mic that is rugged and picks up a full range of sound. |
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| Also called a lav, this is a small omni-directional mic that clips to the lapel in an interview. Usually constructed as a condenser mic. |
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| Microphones with a narrow cone-shaped pickup pattern that picks up sound better from the front than from the sides. Usually constructed as a condenser mic. |
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| A ratio that expresses how much noise or hiss is in the recorded sound. Higher numbers mean cleaner audio. |
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| Sound On Tape. The audio on a recorded tape. |
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| A mic with a narrow pickup pattern. |
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| A Volume Unit meter. A device that measures the strength of the audio signal and shows when the audio becomes over-modulated or distorted. |
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| Microphones that do not use cables. They use battery powered devices to transmit the audio from the microphone to a receiver. The audio is transmitted with a weak radio signal and is very susceptible to outside radio interference. |
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| A source of light that comes from behind the subject. Controlled backlight creates separation of the subject from the background. Uncontrolled backlight causes glare and incorrect exposure of the subject. |
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| A small light fixture mounted on top of a camera body and powered by an external battery or the camera battery. |
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| A measurement of light in degrees Kelvin determined by the mix of the primary colors of light. For example, daylight at noon is approximately 5600 degrees Kelvin. A tungsten halogen light is 3600 degrees Kelvin. |
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| A secondary light source used to fill in shadows. |
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| The principal light in a scene. |
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| Neutral Density. A neutral density filter, internally selected in the camera or screwed onto the end of a lens, reduces the amount of light passing to the camera. Similar to adding sunglasses for the eyes but does not affect the color of the light. |
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| Illuminating a scene with 3 lights, using one as a key light, one as a fill light, and one as a back light. |
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| A camera adjustment for the different kinds of light in the environment. When a camera is properly adjusted for the lighting conditions, a white object will appear white in the recorded video. |
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