Term
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Definition
• Started in New Orleans after the Louisiana purchase
• New Orleans = major port city with commerce
• Spanish and English |
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Definition
• In response to the displacement of Native Americans
• Written in Georgia – the original Cherokee location
• Elias Boudinot = 1st editor of the paper
• Created by missionaries
• Cherokee and English |
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| Golden Hills Newspaper facts |
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Definition
• During Chinese discrimination during Gold Rush era
• Created by missionaries
• Colloquial Cantonese and English
• News about California |
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Definition
• Created by blacks in 1827 in response to slavery
• Created by Samuel E. Cornish and John Brown Russelwurm
• Targeted free blacks in the north
• “No longer shall others speak for us” |
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• 1st Penny Press
• started on Sept. 3 1883
• had largest circulation in New York for a few months
• editor was Benjamin Day |
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Definition
• made into one of the most important newspapers by James Gordon Bennett
• introduced regular correspondents
• systematic street sales of newspapers
• credited with ad sales innovation |
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Term
| New York World editor and type |
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Definition
o Written by Pulitzer
o Ideal of Story newspaper (originator) |
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| New York Journal Editor and type |
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Definition
o Written by Hearst
o Ideal of Story newspaper (imitator) |
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Term
| Pulitzer's Editorial Innovations |
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Definition
o Made news as “self-advertisement”
Page attractive to readers
o Paper was a “school house” for the masses of immigrants
o Advertised as “righting wrongs”
o Did newspaper crusades
o Increased cartoons and illustrations
o Promoted exclusive features
o Sunday paper
o Women’s pages
o “creative tension” |
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Term
| Pulitzer's Business Innovations |
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Definition
o Ad rates tied to circulation
o Abolished penalties for pictures in ads
o Sex fixed rates for ads based on size |
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Term
| Democratic Market Society |
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Definition
• what allowed for the Penny Press
• Democratic = all white men can vote
• Market = people move to cities and make things, instead of buy them
• Society = becomes friends with strangers, not family |
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Term
| Media Marketplace of Ideas |
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Definition
• The press of the free marketplace of ideas
• Created by the Hutchins Commission
• The press should include all types of people
• You are excluded from the free marketplace of ideas when
o No coverage, coverage of events but not ideas, ridicule, insult or stereotyping |
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Definition
o Hammering people repeatedly to expose the truth
o Still exist today |
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Term
| Sensationalism definition and problems associated with it |
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Definition
o When stories are over-hyped to increase viewership
- a motive to immediately satisfy the largest number of people
-seeks to engage readers by being episodic, dramatic, and reporting events that will only grab readers' attention (National Inquirer)
-Problem: Novelty wears off... only objective journalism can provide the audience with what they want and need (Lippman) |
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Term
| U.S. Newspapers prior to the Penny Press |
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Definition
• 4 pages long
o pg 1 = ads (about politicians or businesses)
o pg 2 = editorials (politics)
o pg 3 = shipping news
o pg 4 = ads (about politicians or businesses)
• controlled by political parties
• editors ran them
• expensive (for elites)
• names reflected in title |
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Term
| Penny Press Characteristics |
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Definition
• sold for 1 cent by newsboys in the street
• advertising centered on “human needs” of readers – abortions, medicine, entertainment
• generally claimed to be politically independent – politics was treated just like other subjects
• news focused |
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Term
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Definition
o Started by Frederick Douglas in 1847
o Called for a black press |
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Term
| Effects of the End of Reconstruction |
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Definition
| o Black newspapers grew in popularity all over → stopped in the South b/c of Jim Crow laws |
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Term
| California Eagle facts and editor(s) |
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Definition
o Black newspaper in California that helped to get African Americans adjusted to the state
o Founded by John Jay but Bass made it a success |
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Term
| The Chicago Defender editor and facts |
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Definition
o Started by Abott who faced a lot of racism when trying to find a job – even after he graduated from law school
o Reached more than ½ a million African Americans each week
o Uses the white newspaper format with big headlines
o Sarcastic writing |
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Term
| The Effect of World War I on the African American community |
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Definition
Effect of World War I
o Gave African Americans the chance to work at home while so many whites were fighting overseas
o Prompted the Great Migration of blacks north |
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Term
| The Pittsburgh Courier facts |
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Definition
o Became big after World War I
o 1st national black newspaper
o ran by Van |
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Term
| The Effect of World War II on the African American community |
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Definition
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| one of the first advocates for a free press in his Aeropagitica in the 17th century |
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Definition
| proponent for liberty in On Liberty |
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-editor and publisher of New York Sun
-printer by trade but started to paper to promote business when the economy was bad |
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-the first police reporter
-worked for New York Sun
-told common, public stories that people could relate to |
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Definition
- educated man interested in scientific discoveries and astronomy
- wrote the story about the moon people, which turned out to be faked |
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Definition
-Scottish born
-trained journalist
-started the New York herald in 1835
-stylish and tall
-Pet Peeves: Wall Street, competing editors, high society, moral hypocracy |
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Definition
| -Reverend who helped co-found Freedom's Journal |
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Definition
-named after a famous abolitionist
-went to college
-helped co-found Freedom's Journal |
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Definition
-1st editor of the Cherokee Phoenix
-wanted the paper to be about how the Cherokees were not how people just thought they were |
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Definition
| -came up with the free marketplace of ideas (probably after racial discrimination himself) |
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-founder of the New York World
-born in Austria-Hungary as an aristocrat
-fought in Civil War--> employed as a lawyer --> interested in politics and journalism
-revered and innovator |
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Definition
-born in San Francisco to a wealthy family
-expelled from Harvard --> given San Fran Examiner
-active in politics
-basis of Citizen Kane
-controversial and imitator |
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