Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Joints
Anatomy
71
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
11/11/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Define "joint."
Definition
It is the site where 2 OR MORE BONES MEET, with or without MVMNT.
Term
What are the functions of joints?
Definition
Gives the skeleton MOBILITY.
HOLDS the skeleton together.
Term
Name the structural classification of joints.
Definition
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Term
Describe fibrous joints.
Definition
Connected by short connective tissue fibers.
Term
What are examples of fibrous joints?
Definition
INFERIOR TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
SUTURES in the skull
Term
What are examples of cartilaginous joints?
Definition
Synchondroses (Hyaline cartilage)
Symphyses (Fibrocartilage)
Term
Describe synovial joints.
Definition
Lined by synovial membrane.
Has a joint cavity.
Term
Name the functional classification of joints.
Definition
No movement
Slight movement
Freely mobile
Term
What kind of joints enjoy slight movement?
Definition
Cartilaginous joints
Term
What kind of joints are freely mobile?
Definition
Synovial joints
Term
Fibrous joints
Definition
Term
Synchondroses
Definition
Term
Symphyses
Definition
Term
Synovial Joint
Definition
Term
Name the features of a synovial joint.
Definition
<3Cs + 1S>
Capsule
Articular Cartilage
(Joint) Cavity
Ligaments
Rich nerve and blood supply
Bursae
Articular discs
Synovial Membrane
Ligaments
Term
What kind of joints have no movement?
Definition
Fibrous joints
Term
What are primary cartilaginous joints and secondary cartilaginous joints?
Definition
1º cartilaginous joints are hyaline in nature.
2º cartilaginous joints are fibrocartilage in nature.
Term
What is the function of the capsule?
Definition
Capsule holds the bone in position.
Term
What kind of cartilage is the articular cartilage made of?
Definition
Hyaline cartilage
Term
What is the function of articular cartilage?
Definition
Meeting of two cartilage surfaces provide a very low friction environment for the movement of joints.
Term
What is the function of the synovial membrane?
Definition
Produces a lubricating fluid.
Produces a fluid that nourishes the articular cartilage.
Term
What is the classification of ligaments in terms of their position?
Definition
Capsular (Intrinsic)
Intracapsular
Extracapsular
Term
What is the significance of having capillary beds in your synovial joints?
Definition
The capillary beds produce filtrate for synovial fluid.
Term
What is the significance of having nerve fibers in the synovial joints?
Definition
PAIN detection
Monitor JOINT POSITION
Monitor STRETCH
Term
Where are bursae found?
Definition
Around the joints or around the tendons.
Term
What is the function of bursae?
Definition
It contains synovial fluid, thus MINIMIZES FRICTION.
Term
Where are articular discs found?
Definition
They are not found in all joints. Mostly found in COMPLEX JOINTS.
Menisci @ knee joint
Temporomandibular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Term
What are the functions of articular discs?
Definition
Shock Absorbers
Provide Stability
Term
Position of the Bursa wrt Other Parts
Definition
Term
Superior view of the right tibia in the knee joint, showing the
menisci and cruciate ligaments
Definition
Term
What are the factors that ensure the stability of the synovial joint?
Definition
Bones (Shape + Size)
Ligaments
Muscle tone
Term
What is the classification of ligaments in terms of their tissue type?
Definition
Elastic ligament (Made entirely of elastic connective tissue.)
Fibrous ligament
Term
What are the functions of fibrous ligaments?
Definition
Reinforce the joint
Prevent undesirable movmnt
Term
Give examples of where muscle tone is extremely important in reinforcing a joint.
Definition
Shoulder joints (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
Knee joints (Quadriceps Femoris)
Arches of the foot
Term
Every muscle has how many attachments?
Definition
2
Term
Name the two muscle attachments.
Definition
Origin = Proximal Attachment
Insertion = Distal Attachment
Term
What does muscle contraction result in? (In terms of the muscle attachments.)
Definition
Insertion moves towards the origin.
Term
What are the planes that muscle mvmnts occur along?
Definition
Transverse planes
Sagittal planes
Frontal planes
Term
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
Definition
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball & Socket
Term
What mvmnts do plane joints produce?
Definition
Gliding mvmnt
Term
Give me examples of plane joints.
Definition
Acromioclavicular joint
Inter-carpal
Term
What mvmnts do hinge joints produce?
Definition
Flexion/Extension
Term
Examples of hinge joints?
Definition
Knee
Elbow
Ankle
Term
What mvmnts do plane joints produce?
Definition
Some rotation
Term
Examples of pivot joints?
Definition
Atlantoaxial joint
Radioulnar joint
Term
What mvmnts do condyloid joints produce?
Definition
Adduction (towards the sagittal plane)/Abduction (away from the sagittal plane)
Flexion/Extension
Term
Name examples of condyloid joints.
Definition
Wrist
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Term
Examples of saddle joints.
Definition
Carpometacarpal joint
Term
Examples of ball & socket joints.
Definition
Hip joint
Shoulder joint
Term
What are the special joints to take note of?
Definition
Knee joint
Ankle joint
Shoulder joint
Elbow joint
Wrist joint
Term
What is special about the inferior tibiofibular joint?
Definition
It is the only fibrous joint in the appendicular skeleton.
Term
How are the bones connected in the ankle joint?
Definition
Tibia + Fibula w Talus (ankle bone)
Term
How are the bones connected in the knee joint?
Definition
Femur w Patellar
Femur w Tibia + its menisci
(fibula does not take part in knee joint)
Term
How are the bones connected in the shoulder joint?
Definition
Head of Humerus w Scapula's Glenoid Cavity
Term
How are the bones connected in the elbow joint?
Definition
Humerus w Radius + Ulna
Term
How are the bones connected in the wrist joint?
Definition
Radius w Scaphoid + Lunate (carpus)
(ulna does note take part)
Term
What are the types of movements at the synovial joints?
Definition
Gliding movements
Angular movements
Special movements
Circular movements
Term
Describe angular movements. What are the different kinds of angular movements?
Definition
Angular movements change the size of the angle between articulating bones.
Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension
Plantar Flexion/Dorsiflexion
Abduction/Adduction
Term
Describe circular movements. What are the different kinds of circular movements?
Definition
Circular movements result in the arclike rotation of a structure around an axis.
Rotation/Circumduction
Supination/Pronation
Term
Describe gliding movements. What are the different kinds of gliding movements?
Definition
Gliding movements are the simplest of all movements. The articular surface of one bone moves over the articular surface of another without any angular or circular movement.
Term
Describe special movements. What are the different kinds of special movements?
Definition
Special movements are often unique or unusual movements that occur only in a very limited number of joints. These movements do not fit well into other movement categories and are generally described separately.
Inversion/Eversion
Protraction/Retraction
Elevation/Depression
Opposition
Term
What is an example of a joint that exhibits supination/pronation?
Definition
Forearm
Term
What is an example of a joint that exhibits plantar flexion/dorsiflexion?
Definition
Ankle joint
Term
What is an example of a joint that exhibits inversion/eversion?
Definition
Foot-Tarsal joints
Term
What is an example of a joint that exhibits opposition?
Definition
Thumb at carpo metacarpal joint
Term
Name 2 parts of the body that exhibit flexion/extension/hyperextension.
Definition
Neck
Vertebral Column
Term
Name 2 parts of the body that exhibit flexion/extension.
Definition
Shoulder
Knee
Term
What joint exhibits abduction/adduction and circumduction?
Definition
Shoulder Joint
Term
Name 3 parts of the body that exhibit rotation.
Definition
Head
Neck
Lower Limb
Term
Name a joint that exhibits inversion/eversion.
Definition
Tarsal Joint
Term
Where does opposition occur?
Definition
b/n the thumb and the other 4 fingers
Supporting users have an ad free experience!