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Johanine Literature
INT Unit 4
35
Bible Studies
Undergraduate 1
04/06/2012

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Cards

Term
The Johanine literature breakdown
Definition
Gospel of John

1-3 John (Catholic Epistles)

Revelation
Term
Why is Revelation special?
Definition
Only one that explicitly claims authorship of John
Term
Genre
Definition
Organisation leads us to look at texts in terms of genre, not author

Gospel of John never calls itself a gospel

1 John misses key letter features

Revelation calls itself an apocalypse, then prophecy, then takes on characteristics of a letter
Term
what unites them?
Definition
John and Johanine Epistles share a similar style, although they have small differences (different authors?)

Also share themes (dualisms, opposites) and key phrases

Emphasises unity between the Father and the Son

Emphasises brotherly love

Image of Jesus as a Lamb

Calling Jesus the 'Word' (although usage is different)
Term
What are the key differences?
Definition
Stylistic (Greek)

Wording

Theological conceptions:
- Christ as sacrifice not clear in epistles
- attributing different things to God and Christ
- Gospel: eternal life is present, Epistles are awaiting Christ
- Gospel shows hostility to Jews

- Revelation: conception of love is different
- concepts absent from Revelation: eternal life, "to believe", "abiding", "darkness"
- Revelation: overwhelming focus on dramatic eschatological themes (not present in Gospel)
Term
John and the Synoptics
Definition
Matt, Mark, Luke are interrelated, John isn't.

Synoptics: advent of Kingdom of God, John: kingdom must be entered (faith in Christ -> eternal life)

Difference in portrayal of Christ
Term
Portrayal of Christ in John
Definition
Christ as Judaic word/prologue in heaven,

speaks in discourses/no similies, only metaphors

Christ is very divine unhuman

No suffering in Gethsemane scene

Only ever weeps at death of Lazarus

Rearranging storyline

Doesn't suffer on cross

"I am"
Term
Reconciling John with the synoptics
Definition
Different words, date of crucifixion, times

Irenaeus responsible for four gospel canon (keen to tie gospels to apostles)

Peter and Paul preach, then copy Matt's gospel. John writes later and elsewhere.

Clement of Alexandria: Matt and Luke first, then Mark. John last- a Spiritual gospel

Origen: Truth of Gospels is not in outward letter

Eusebius: tries to reconcile historically. Talking about different times: John before John the Baptist imprisoned. THIS IS UNSUCCESSFUL: the Call of the Disciples occurred after this.

John was probably written later than the others, and probably influenced by them.

A spiritual gospel - 3 great theologians: Gospel of John, Hebrews, Paul
Term
Options for authorship of the gospel
Definition
Gospel sometimes attributed to John, son of Zebedee

John the elder (not a disciple- 2 John, 3 John)

Many Johns?

tradition calls it the apostle of Love- the beloved disciple?
Term
How do we determine authorship?
Definition
Internal evidence

External evidence
Term
Internal evidence
Definition
Calling of the disciples
- different time in Mark
- disciples named in different order
- 2 figures: one a disciple, one anonymous

13:23 "The one whom Jesus loved"
- a disciple especially close to Jesus
- internal confusion 13:26 v 28

18:15 unknown disciple close to high priest lets Peter in
- regularly in and out of temple?

19:26 close to Jesus, Peter not present

20:30 hint that author is a disciple

21:2 two unnamed disciples
- last disciples mentioned, like beginning

21:20-2 Beloved disciple known in community, not going to die

20:1-10 Unnamed disciple reaches tomb first. Peter goes in first, but unnamed disciple believes Jesus' hints at resurrection first.
- unnamed disciple as 'perfect' disciple? - embodies message of gospel (belief without proof), better than Peter
Term
Intellectual tradition for Apostle John as author
Definition
Irenaeus knows Polycarp and Papius, who know the apostle John, but Papius distinguishes between Apostle and the Elder. Eusebius inherits Irenaeus' attribution.
Term
Who is the 'Beloved Disciple'
Definition
Lazarus?
- related to Mary (and thus Jesus)
- but Lazarus was an enemy of the high priest

John Mark (in Acts)

A construction by the community to teach ideals. Hence present, but not present at the last supper. BUT WHY WOULD THEY DO THIS?
Term
The Catholic Epistles
Definition
James

1, 2 Peter

1-3 John

Jude

Collected C4
Term
The Catholic Epistles in historical documents
Definition
Eusebius (C4) mentions 7 Epistles, james is only one which is named (other 6 are not)

2 Peter, 3 John, Jude appeared much later, debate as to inclusion/authenticity
Term
why the Catholic epistles?
Definition
General address (James, 1+2 Peter, Jude)

No addressee (John)

Address to the church (2 John "to the elect lady" - the church?)

Only 3 John is specific ("to beloved Gaius")

Taking in vies of wider church (not just Palestinian)

7 symbolises completeness
Term
Who are the authors supposedly? (cath eo)
Definition
John the Evangelist

James and Jude, brothers of Jesus (only time when James is mentioned as Jude's brother is when talking about Jesus' brothers). Debated later on (doctrinal implications)

James was enormously significant in early church. v. influential
Term
why the order? (cath ep)
Definition
Size, then author

Paul's index to the pillar apostles: "James, Cephas and John" - maybe influenced (Pauline literature circulated earlier, emphasis on harmony (Gal 2:9)

James and Jude seem to be meant to be read together - Jude as continuation of Jude (shared themes).

Holy family - but Jesus' brothers never portrayed as disciples before 'acts'. Tension between them and him Mark 3:21 (think he's mad)

Circulated as we have them in East, in West sometimes Peter first.
Term
Why cath ep at end of canon?
Definition
Originally collated with Paul/Acts - interacts with them, links gospels

Acts as appendix/intro to epistles - context
Term
James in Acts
Definition
Acts 1:14 at pentecost

12:17 peter freed from prison, told to go tell James

15 presides at council of Jerusalem

21 asks paul to take vow of purity

head of church in Jerusalem

v jewish

not opposed to message to Gentiles

Pastoral, accepts Paul, doesn't require circumcision (pragmatic)
Term
James in Epistle
Definition
v. Jewish (imagery, addressing tribes in diaspora)

calls the church the synagogue

OT characters to illustrate points/virtues

rarely mentions Jesus

Speaks of perousia of Lord (5:7-), then draws on Job - lord intervening on behalf of rightousness

Use of Abraham (Faith jsutified in Works)- general good works, charity

Use of images/metaphor

the enemy within - desire, sin, death
Term
Characteristics of Revelation
Definition
Christocentric

Dramatic imagery

Clearly written at time of persecution

Messianic

Female figures

Imagery from OT

Mysterious

Cosumnation of Johanine tradition
Term
christocentrism in Rev
Definition
Revelation of God in Christ not merely judgement). Opens with symbolic depiction of christ- head of white hair like Daniel the Elder: Christ in his majesty
Term
Style and persecution rev
Definition
Real vision? overwrought

Authorship/time unclear - v symbolic
Term
Messianic rev
Definition
Juxtaposition of lamb and lion of Judah
Term
Female figures rev
Definition
Woman giving birth - church, new age

Whore of Babylon - treacherous jerusalem. Seductive counter to church/new Israel woman

Woman descending with new kingdom adorned with Jewels - New Israel (Isiah)
Term
OT imagery Rev
Definition
Morning Star could also be Venus (Roman military symbol, promises victory 2:28)

Root of Jesse's stock

Lion of Judah
Term
Precise numeric ordering of symbols Rev
Definition
7 seals

9 trumpets

4 beasts
Term
Rev and Johannine trad
Definition
Authorship disputed (style differences)

John 'the Theologian' - vision of God

Unity of God shared in rev and John
Term
Eschatology Rev
Definition
OT imagery/symbolism

controversial (time scales)
Term
Controversy Time Rev
Definition
Rev 20-21 binding up Satan for 1000 yrs, then Christ comes and reigns

expectation of 1000 yr earthly messianic rule - hint of earthly reign in 1 Cor

Messianic tradition in Judaism expected immanent arrival

responses: premillenialism, postmillenialism, amillenialism
Term
Premillenialism
Definition
Awaiting Messianic 1000 yrs
Term
Postmillenialism
Definition
In Messianic 1000 yrs now, building up towards messianic tradition
Term
Eschatological approaches to rev
Definition
Preterist - Revelation has already happened (fall of Roman Empire and Jerusalem)

Historicist - against broader sweep of history, mapping to historical events

Idealist - not about anything specific: a general battle between good and evil

Futurist - we are still waiting - dispensationalism: counting stages of History until end, classic premillenialism.
Term
genre
Definition
Apocalyptic - mediating role between heaven and earth - an insight, more profound than mere prophecy

Prophecy

Letter

Is it a climax or appendix?

Only apocalypse in NT, many others at time of writing (Shepherd of Hermas). Was it the right one>
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