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JLaw Flashcards
Journalism Law, W&L
47
Journalism
Undergraduate 3
04/08/2013

Additional Journalism Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Constitutional Law
Definition
Outlines duties of govt., guarantees basic rights, other laws cannot conflict with it
Term
Common Law
Definition
Oldest, based on common practice of people, precendent
Term
Equity Law
Definition
Judge made, supplement to common law, temporary restraining order (example)
Term
Statutory Law
Definition
Specific, anticipate/deal with problems affecting society
Term
Admin/Exec Order
Definition
Minute detail, drafted by specific/specialized agencies
Term
Writ of cert
Definition
From higher court to lower court to say they will take case
Term
Access Theory (1AM)
Definition
Media must be open/accessible to public
Term

Strict Scrutiny Test

 

Definition
  • Necessary
  • Advance compelling govt. interest
  • No further than necessary
  • Within constitutional powers of govt. 
Term
Obrien Test
Definition
  • Content neutral
  • Law not related to suppression of speech
  • Advances important govt. interest
  • Narrowly tailored
  • TPM laws
  • Can be applied to symbolic speech cases
Term
Traditional Public Forumn
Definition
For use by public: parks and public streets
Term
Designated Public Forumn
Definition
Govt. spaces/buildings available for public use: Boy Scouts at schools
Term
Nonpublic forumn
Definition
Property not available for public speech
Term
Prior Restraint
Definition
  • Govt body or rep
  • Reviews speech or press prior to distribution
  • Stops dissemination of ideas before they reach public
Term
Prior Restraint ok when:
Definition
  • Obstruction of military recruitment
  • Military movements
  • Obscenity
  • Incitement of violence
  • Forcible overthrow of govt. 
  • Fighting words likely to promote violence
Term
Student Speech
Definition
  • Public university officials are govt. officials
  • Private are not
Term
Fighting words
Definition
  • Directed at an individual
  • Cause emotional harm or violence
  • Not protected by First Amendment
Term
Defamation
Definition

Speech that makes someone a target of public ridicule, hatred, spite, contempt

  • Interfering w/ existing relationsips
  • Interfering w/ possible future relationships
  • Creating negative public image
Term
Libel
Definition
  • Prove identification/publication
  • Defamatory in nature
  • Falsity
    • Public officials/figures
      • Actual malic proves falsity
      • Knowledge/reckless disregard for truth
    • Everone else
      • Plaintiff must prove falsity
Term
Actual Damages
Definition
Plaintiff brings evidence of actual harm
Term
Special Damages
Definition
Prove monetary loss
Term
Punitive Damages
Definition
Punish defendant, must prove actual malice
Term
Compensatory Damages
Definition
Provide plaintiff with money to replace what was lost, nothing more
Term
Public official
Definition
Must prove actual malice
Term
Involuntary Public Official
Definition
Become public official through no action of their own
Term
All-purpose Public Official
Definition
Celebrities, famous
Term
Limited Purpose Public Official
Definition
Prominent in certain circles
Term
Ollmann Opinion Test
Definition
  • Common meaning
  • Verifiability
  • Journalistic Context
  • Social/Broad context
Term
Invasion of Privacy: False Light
Definition
  • False facts
  • Published about them
  • Identifiable
  • Highly offensive to reasonable person
  • Actual malice
Term
Invasion of Privacy: Appropriation
Definition
  • Something about them
  • Used for commercial purposes
  • Without consent
Term
Invasion of Privacy: Intrusion
Definition
  • Must prove expectation of privacy
Term
Invasion of Privacy: PDPF
Definition
  • Published
  • Private, intimate facts
  • Highly embarrassing to reasonable person
  • Not of legit concern to public
Term
IIED
Definition
  • Defendant intentional and reckless
  • Beyond bounds of decency
  • Casually connected to severe emotional distress
  • Severe, unreasonable distress
  • Actual malice
Term
NIED
Definition
  • Defendant had duty to protect plaintiff
  • Neglected duty
  • Injury suffered from neglection
  • Breach was "proximate cause"
Term
FOIA
Definition
Requires records held by govt. agencies to be available to the public
Term
Exemptions to FOIA
Definition
  • National Security
  • Internal Rules and Procedure
  • Statutory exemptoins
  • Trade Secrets
  • Memos
  • Personal Privacy
  • Law enforcement records
  • Financial records
  • Geological data
Term
Branzburg Test; Reporter's Privilege
Definition
  • Probably cause that reporter has law violating info
  • Information can't be obtained by alternatives
  • Compelling interest in info
Term
Voir dire
Definition
Jury selection process
Term
Nebraska Press Standard
Definition
  • Disclosure of info would threaten fair trial
  • No effective alternative to gag on press
  • Gag will eliminate danger to fair trial
  • Narrowly tailored
Term
Central Hudson Test
Definition
  • Govt. can regulate false or misleading advert
  • Govt. may regulate ads for unlawful goods/services
  • Substantial state interest
  • Regulation advances interest
  • "Reasonable fit" between interest and regulation
Term
Miller Test for Obscenity
Definition
  • Average person would be aroused (lust)
  • Hard-core porn
  • No serious social value (SLAPS)
Term
Pacifica Indecency Test
Definition
  • Depict sexual excretory organs or activities
  • Patently offensive
  • Fleeting expletives
    • Verbal profanity of visual indecency expressed or shown during live TV
Term
Copyright: Plaintiff
Definition
  • Protected by valid copyright
  • Registered with Copyright office
  • Evidence of direct copy, infringer modeled copyrighted work in their own
Term
Copyright: Defendant
Definition
  • Consent
  • Waited too long to sue
  • Expiration of copyright
  • Fair use
    • Use for commentary, criticism, research, etc.
Term
Fair Use
Definition
  • Why/what purpose
  • Nature of copyrighted work
  • Amount and magnitude of portion used in relation to whole
  • Effects to original work (in market)
Term
Contributory Infringement
Definition
  • Direct infringement by primary infringer
  • 3rd party had knowledge of infringement
  • Contributed to infringement of primary infringer
Term
Vicarious Liability
Definition
  • Direct infringement by primary infringer
  • 3rd party financially gains
  • 3rd party had right and ability to supervise infringer
Term
DMCA
Definition
  • Take down material if it infringes copyright
  • Name an agent to receive takedown requests
  • Let site users know of site's copyright infringement policy
  • Comply with takedown requests
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