Term
| Who was the American Jew who was the first identifiable Jew to set foot in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What century did Jacob Bar-Simson set foot in US soil? Where? |
|
Definition
1600 (1654)
New Amsterdam |
|
|
Term
| Why did Jews come to the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the Jew who was secretary of state during the Civil War? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What side was Judah Benjamin for and why was it weird? |
|
Definition
Confederacy
for slavery, which is ironic |
|
|
Term
| Who was Isaac M Wise? (2) |
|
Definition
leader of reform Judaism
founded Jewish Seminary in Cincinnati |
|
|
Term
| Who was the Jewish-American poet who was most famous for the writing on the base of the Statue of Liberty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st appointed Jewish supreme court judge |
|
|
Term
| Who was Louis Brandeis appointed by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the first woman Rabbi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the 1700s where were most Jews immigrating from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the 1700s what branch of Judaism were most Jewish immigrants?
How did they maintain existence? |
|
Definition
Orthodox
slow trickling of immigrants into US |
|
|
Term
In the 1700s where did most Jews immigrate to?
How many were there?
|
|
Definition
Port towns: Newport, Charleston
2500 |
|
|
Term
| What were the jobs of the Jewish immigrants in the 1700s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the 1860s how many Jewish immigrants were there?
Where did they immigrate from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the 1860s where did most Jews settle?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most Jewish immigrants were what branch in the 1860s with who being their leader? |
|
Definition
reform Judaism
Isaac M Wise |
|
|
Term
From 1880s to 1900 how many immigrants?
From where? |
|
Definition
3,000,000 plus
from Russia and Poland |
|
|
Term
| What branch of Judaism were the 1880-1900 immigrants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sort of Jews came in the 1920s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the immigration stop? Why? |
|
Definition
| 1920s onward because the immigrants are blocked |
|
|
Term
How many Jewish immigrants do we have now?
Where are most of them settled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What four reasons did Jews come to America? |
|
Definition
Pogroms
Economics
Transportation Revolution
Freedom |
|
|
Term
What are pogroms?
Where were these? |
|
Definition
acts or demonstrations of violence by authorities directed at Jewish communities
Eastern Europe |
|
|
Term
In Europe where did Jews live?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why did Jews come for the economics?
2 |
|
Definition
| They weren't restricted to certain occupations and they could own land |
|
|
Term
Why was the transportation revolution so helpful for Jewish Immigrants?
2 |
|
Definition
They could actually get out of whatever country they were in by railroad instead of walking
It was monetarily feasible |
|
|
Term
| What sort of freedom did Jews look for in America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two issues did Jews run into in America? |
|
Definition
Americanization
Anti-semetism |
|
|
Term
| Were Jews for Americanization? Why or why not? |
|
Definition
| Yes. They did not want to be perceived as immigrants and wanted assimilation |
|
|
Term
| In the middle ages, what two religions where big? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Who was the emperor in the Middle ages who suppressed Judaism?
What did he believe in"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did both Islam and Christianity claim against Judaism? |
|
Definition
| that their religion superceds it |
|
|
Term
| What were the two reasons for the small Jewish communities during the Middle Age? |
|
Definition
Roman persecutions killed many
Many felt pressure from the rules and converted to another religion |
|
|
Term
Where was the center of Judaism in Middle Ages?
Who ruled them? |
|
Definition
Babylon
Gaon- the head of a Talmud academy |
|
|
Term
| What two names came from the Middle ages and where were they located? |
|
Definition
Sephard: Spain
Ashkenaz: Rhineland in France |
|
|
Term
| What system was in place in the middle ages and how did the Jews fit into this? What class were they? |
|
Definition
Feudal system
They were the middle class
Craftsmen, traders, bankers/mechants |
|
|
Term
| Were Jews given land in the Middle Ages? How did this work to their advantage? What were they considered? |
|
Definition
No
They moved around with their trades, as merchants
They were knights and could move around |
|
|
Term
| How did Jewish communities survive during the Middle Ages? |
|
Definition
| They were governed by their own laws in their own communities under their own courts |
|
|
Term
What happened when freedmen began working in large cities?
When was this? |
|
Definition
Jews were excluded from the jobs they had been doing ebcause they couldn't get into the unions or guilds
Middle Ages |
|
|
Term
| How did Christians see Jews in the Middle ages? In the thirteenth century, how did that change? |
|
Definition
They saw them as a religion and that they could help them by having them see the light and the second coming would be helpful.
This changed when the Pope made all Jews wear dunce caps and big yellow stars, making sure there was no appeal to be Jewish |
|
|
Term
| What is a desputation and when was this? |
|
Definition
| A debate between a Jewish scholar and a Christian scholar to defend their religion. During Protestant Reformation |
|
|
Term
What things led to the decline of Eastern European Jews in the Middle Ages?
3 |
|
Definition
The Crusades
Black Death being blamed on Jews
Expulsion |
|
|
Term
| After their expulsion in the middle ages where did most Jews settle? Why? |
|
Definition
Kingdom of Poland
They were welcomed because Poland was still feudal and Jews could bring their trades in
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ordinances by which the feudal Jews lived by in their own communities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Jewish governing system in feudal Europe |
|
|
Term
| What are voluntary societies that provided social services in Jewish communities during the middle ages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Rabbi who opened up his own talmudic school of Ashkenazic Jewry in France |
|
|
Term
| How did Jews fit into Spain during the Golden Age? |
|
Definition
| There was a division into separate kingdoms and for everyone to get along, there had to be religious tolerance. |
|
|
Term
| What sort of revolution came for the Jews in Golden Age Spain? Why? (2) |
|
Definition
Intellectual Revolution.
Because they went back and studied the Greek thought on religion and reinterpreted their religion |
|
|
Term
| What significance did the Era of Translators have? Where was this? |
|
Definition
Jews were put into the courts of rulers who knew the traditions of Greek learning and who could translate the works from Aramaic into Latin.
Golden Age Spain |
|
|
Term
| What happened when the Moslems lost strength in Spain? |
|
Definition
| Christians lost toleration and Jews converted to avoid harm, but still practiced Judaism |
|
|
Term
| What happened when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella took over the rest of the Moslems in Spain? What did Jews do? (2) |
|
Definition
Expulsion of Jews
Many converted so they didn't have to leave Spain or many emigrated to Portugal
|
|
|
Term
| Where did Jews immigrate to after the expulsion in Golden Age Spain? Where was the biggest center? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the Jews that stayed in Spain after the expulsion, what happened? |
|
Definition
| The Inquisiton took over, many were arrested and tortured or killed |
|
|
Term
| What two positive notes came from the expulsion from Spain? |
|
Definition
-Entry of Jews into the New World
-Reentry back into western Europe |
|
|
Term
What was important about Kasdai ibn Shaprut and Samuel ibn Nagdela?
Where was this? |
|
Definition
| They became Jewish statesmen in Spain and helped Jewish scholarship and heritage |
|
|
Term
| What did Isaac Abravanel do? |
|
Definition
| He was a prime minister who also convinced Ferdinand and Isabella to send Columbus on his voyage |
|
|
Term
| Who was Saadia and what did he do? |
|
Definition
| A Gaon in Babylon who helped defend the Talmud |
|
|
Term
What did Maimonides do?
3 |
|
Definition
Brought in a whole new Torah, a worldwide known philosopher
Wrote commentary on mitzvot and
wrote a code of laws for Jews |
|
|
Term
| Besides the Holocaust, what was the other worst slaughtering of Jews in Eastern Europe? |
|
Definition
| The Chmielnicki rebellion in Poland |
|
|
Term
| After the destruction of the country of Poland, who were most Polish Jews ruled under? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the Pale of Settlement and why was it made? |
|
Definition
| The area in Western Russia where Jews could settle. It was illegal for Jews to be in Russia but when Poland was conquered, Jews were still living on the land |
|
|
Term
| Under Czar Nicholas I, how were the Jews taken care of? 3 parts |
|
Definition
1/3 would be forced to emigrate
1/3 would be forced to convert and go into the army
1/3 would be killed |
|
|
Term
| How were the Jews treated in Czarist Russia? What happened to them? Who changed this? |
|
Definition
Not well: at the bottom of the pole below peasants. Pogroms were had against Jews very frequently.
Czar Alexander II |
|
|
Term
| What were May Laws and who put them into affect? What did this mean for the Jews |
|
Definition
Laws making the status quo how it was before Alexander II.
Alexander III
It meant that Russia was still not a safe place for them |
|
|
Term
| What did Lenin do for the Jews and why? |
|
Definition
| He emancipated them so that they would assimilate into society |
|
|
Term
In the time of WWII and Communism, how was Judaism looked at?
2 |
|
Definition
As nothing.
Most Jews had been killed during the Holocaust
Under communism religious practices were ceased and no Jewish learning could be held |
|
|
Term
| What were the three foci of the Jewish life in Eastern Europe? |
|
Definition
| the home, the market place, and the study house or bet midrash |
|
|
Term
| What was the home to many Jewish people in Eastern Europe? |
|
Definition
| The place where they would practice their religion; it was too dangerous to be caught in a synagogue |
|
|
Term
| what were the roles of the mother and father in a Jewish home? |
|
Definition
The mother was the priestess of religious rites: making sure things were kosher, things were ready for the Shabbat, and that the children were being raised Jewish
The father was the moneymaker |
|
|
Term
| What was the bes midrash? |
|
Definition
| The study place where Jewish males would debate passages and draw meanings |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the spiritual revival that swept through Poland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the leader of Hasidism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did most Polish Jews go after Hasidism? |
|
Definition
They had been devastated by rebellions and they couldn't carry on with their teachings and they resented the superiority of Rabbis
They wanted healing |
|
|
Term
What two groups banded together to resist modernity?
What happened to most of them? |
|
Definition
Hasidism and Misnagdim
Killed by Nazis |
|
|
Term
What were the two reasons for the exclusion of Jews from Modernization?
What were the three components of Modernity? |
|
Definition
Oppression
There were too few Jews living in the lands where this was happening
Reformation
Enlightenment
Renaissance |
|
|
Term
Who was the first liberated Jew during the Enlightenment?
Where did he live?
What did he do? |
|
Definition
Mendelssohn
Germany
He wrote about Judaism as a philosophy, not just a religion |
|
|
Term
What achievement did Mendelssohn get? What was it called?
How did this happen? |
|
Definition
Helping his own people: if they could get Enlightenment then they would be accepted.
Haskalah
Translation of bible into modern German |
|
|
Term
How did the Jews fare in the French Revolution?
Who changed this? |
|
Definition
They were slowly granted their individual rites but still seen as guests who were waiting to return to their homeland
Napleon |
|
|
Term
| What did Napoleon do to help Jews gain their citizenship? |
|
Definition
| Held the Great Sanhedrin, which was an assembly of rabbis and Jewish scholars to ask questions of citizenship. They became indistinguishable from any other French citizen |
|
|
Term
| What was the key to assimilation for Jews? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What was the difference between Russian Enlightenment and the Enlightenment in Western Europe?
Why? |
|
Definition
THey wanted to modernize the culture and make it equal instead of assimiliation
This enlightenment came so far after the West that they saw the bad effects of assimilation: losing Jews to Christianity to rise in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reawakening of the Jewish national spirit to bring dignity and respect to Jews of Europe |
|
|
Term
What were the three movements of modern Judaism?
Where did they all orginiate? |
|
Definition
Orthodox
Conservative
Reform
Germany |
|
|
Term
| What are the similarities of the three movements of Judaism? |
|
Definition
| They define Judaism in religious terms |
|
|
Term
What movement of Judaism rose first?
What was their intention?
What was their main focus? (3) |
|
Definition
reform
They intended for the reforms to be for all Jews
The form and content of the worship service: language, prayer books, shorter services |
|
|
Term
What sort of modernizations came from the reform movement?
4 |
|
Definition
Eliminating or reivising prayers or doctrines that had no scientific backing or no place in modern religion
Eliminating angels
Elimining the belief that the Messiah is a real human, instead Messianic Era
Eliminating the belief of full body resurrections
|
|
|
Term
| What kind of changes to worship happened during the reform movement? |
|
Definition
Services shorter
sang in their native language
Women could sit with men
Temple instead of synagogue
No special marriage and burial laws for priest families |
|
|
Term
| Why was there a division in American Jewry? |
|
Definition
| When more traditional Eastern European Jews came to America, the reform Jewish congregations didn't welcome them, afraid they would demand to be traditionalists, so they formed their own divison |
|
|
Term
Who was the leader of the Conservative movement in America?
What did he do that was moderate? 2
|
|
Definition
Isaac Leeser
Moderate reforms like giving sermons in English, translating the prayers and bible into English |
|
|
Term
Who was attracted to Conservative Judaism? 2
Why? 2 |
|
Definition
Eastern European Jews and Children of Orthodox Immigrants
The reform ways were too nontraditional, and German Jews (who were reform) thought themselves superior and more Westernized |
|
|
Term
| How do Orthodox JEws live in America? |
|
Definition
| They live within their own communities with butcher shops, schools, and seminaries. They don't watch TV or movies and have little contact with Gentiles and they look Jewish |
|
|
Term
Where does the Recontructionist movement have its roots in?
Who formed it?
What did they believe? |
|
Definition
America
Kaplan
Judaism as a civilization not just a religion |
|
|
Term
When did Anti-Semitism start?
What do Anti-Semites believe? 4 |
|
Definition
In response to the Enlightenment
Jews are inferior or dangerously superior and need to be oppressed and restricted from power
|
|
|
Term
| What were the phases of WWII in relation to Jews? |
|
Definition
Ghetto
Invasion of Russia
Death Camps
|
|
|
Term
What is Anti-zionism?
Why has this arisen? |
|
Definition
hatred of Jews as a nation
Hatred of a race is no longer acceptable |
|
|
Term
| What were the three kingdoms of Israel? |
|
Definition
King Saul
Persians and the kingdom of Judea
Now |
|
|
Term
Who helped the second kingdom of Judea come about?
When did this end and why?
Who ended it?
What did they rename it? |
|
Definition
Persians
After the Romans put down the Jewish uprising
Palestine |
|
|
Term
| Why was there a slow decline in population in Israel? 2 |
|
Definition
Persecutions
Destruction of economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement in which the Jews felt that they should return to Israel and nothing was holding them back |
|
|
Term
| Who was Sir Moses Montefiore and what did he do? |
|
Definition
| He established the first settlement: a housing development and paid Jews to live there and be Millers |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the first city established in Israel and why? |
|
Definition
Tel Aviv
Because Arabs wouldn't let them settle in their city |
|
|
Term
What language did the Zionists reject and what language did they pick up?
Who was the leader in the revival of this language? |
|
Definition
Yiddish
Hebrew
Eliezer ben Yehuda |
|
|
Term
| Who was the spiritual settler who believed in hard labor and believed this was the best way to rejuvenate the Jewish faith? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Zionist movement cause and why? |
|
Definition
| Fights between Arab and Israeli nations that continues til today because the Arabs feared Jews moving into the area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A newspaper journalist who was the prime mover for the First Zionist Congress |
|
|
Term
What did the First World Zionist Congress establish?
2 |
|
Definition
World Zionist Organization
Jewish National Fund |
|
|
Term
| What was the Balfour Declaration? WHy did it happen? |
|
Definition
| A declaration by England that said they favored establishing a Jewish state. Because of the Jewish efforts for England during WWI |
|
|
Term
| What happened after the Balfour Declaration? |
|
Definition
| The British gained control of the Arab nation. They had made contradictory promises to both sides and now they did not control anti-Jewish riots. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Jewish Agency? |
|
Definition
| a self government for Jews in the state of Israel |
|
|
Term
| What was the Jewish defense force that helped defend Jewish settlements against Arab attacks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the British do before WWII that serverly hurt the Jews? |
|
Definition
| Restricted Jewish access to Israel for the Arabs, thus subjecting the Jews to the Nazis |
|
|
Term
When was the first military battle won after the Maccabees?
What did the Jews get back?
What did it cause? |
|
Definition
The Six Day War of 1967 against he Egyptians, Syrians, and Jordanians
Jersusalem
an uprising for the Jews in the Soviet Union to emigrate to Israel |
|
|
Term
What war was this when the Egyptians made a surprise attack, but lost resulting in peace talks with Israel?
What was the agreement that said that Israel would pull of the the Sinai Peninsula?
What did it cause?
|
|
Definition
Yom Kippur War of 1973
Camp David Agreement
Egypt now looked as Israel as a sovereign state |
|
|
Term
What was the Oslo Peace Accord?
|
|
Definition
| Accord between Palestine and Israel that Palestine will have some sort of Independence and that they will recognize Israel as a sovereign nations |
|
|
Term
| What were the three waves of Jews that came into America? |
|
Definition
Sephardic Jews during Colonial times
German Jews during the 1800s
Eastern European Jews in the late 19th and early 20th centuries |
|
|
Term
| Why was the Bill of Rights so important to the Jews? |
|
Definition
| The first Amendment was separation of church and state meaning that the government could not sponsor a religion and that the individual could decide what religion they chose to practice |
|
|
Term
| Why were there little Jewish decendents from the colonial period? |
|
Definition
| Most Jews lost Jewish-ness because they did fit right in with the general public, plus there weren't as many Jews to marry, nor to make Jewish schools |
|
|
Term
What city did the Jews help establish?
What did most Jews do? |
|
Definition
San Francisco
They stayed with retail/peddling |
|
|
Term
What kind of jobs were Jews left out of in America?
What did they do instead?
|
|
Definition
CEO Jobs
Law
Professors
Became entrepreneurs |
|
|
Term
| What kind of social restrictions were Jews faced with in America? 4 |
|
Definition
| No entry to resorts, social clubs, exiled from neighborhoods, and quotas for colleges |
|
|
Term
| Why were social restrictions happening in America during the 19th century? |
|
Definition
| Many Jews became wealthy and successful, and the elite began to see them as a threat to their own companies and their ruling over the economy |
|
|
Term
What caused the social restrictions against Jews in America to drop?
2 |
|
Definition
The unity of the soldiers from WWII
Civil Rights Movement |
|
|
Term
The immigration of Jews in America from 1800-1900 was caused by what?
What condition were these Jews in?
Where did they go and what did they do? |
|
Definition
Failed Enlightenment for Jews
Uneducated and poor and didn't have any useful skills for American society
NY Slums and became factory workers- garments |
|
|
Term
What were the German Jews afraid of when the Eastern European Jews immigrated?
What did they do?
What were some services provided? 3 |
|
Definition
Afraid that the immigrants would stick out and cause anti-semitism because of uncouth ways
they quickly helped these Jews assimilate
settlement houses, education, social services |
|
|
Term
How do many Jews celebrate their ethnicity?
4 |
|
Definition
Eating foods specifically brought from Eastern Europe
Supporting Israel
Giving to charities/services
Going to community centers/day camps
|
|
|
Term
What are some issues that Jews dealt with when they immigrated to America?
7 |
|
Definition
Finding jobs
Where to live
Culture change
Charities and self-help
How to maintain their religion
Education
Defense |
|
|
Term
What problem did Jews have about jobs when they first immigrated to America?
What did they do instead?
|
|
Definition
They didn't have the language to get a job
They became peddlers, selling things on the street |
|
|
Term
What problem was there in regards to living when Jews immigrated to America?
How did the government try to help this?
What resulted? |
|
Definition
There was such an overcrowding in NYC so they spilled over into Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania
They tried to have Jews enter in Galveston, TX
Very few came in through there, but it brought settlements in the midwest as well |
|
|
Term
What kind of culture changes did the Jews deal with when they immigrated to America?
3
|
|
Definition
Language
Had to learn customs
Assimilation
|
|
|
Term
What sort of cultural opportunities did Jews have in America?
2 |
|
Definition
Could assimilate and decide to be apart of the Jewish culture or not
interfaith marrying |
|
|
Term
| What is landsmanschaften? |
|
Definition
| a group of people immigrating from the same place who made their own charities, butcher shops, places in the city, etc... for the benefit of Jews |
|
|
Term
What was the problem with education for Jews in America?
WHat were some solutions?
What is the newest solution? |
|
Definition
They had to find time for Jewish education. Sometimes they held it after regular school but got in the way of extra curriculars
Jews made their own schools in larger communities where they focus on academics and Judaism.
Jewish summer camps
|
|
|
Term
| What was formed in the defense of Anti-semitism in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two anti-semitic things Dr Wucher showed us? |
|
Definition
Winrod Letter
Microwave page |
|
|
Term
What were some reasons for anti-semitism?
3 |
|
Definition
sociological
economic
theological |
|
|
Term
| What were the sociological reasons for anti-semitism? |
|
Definition
| Jews were a different group and misconceptions were formed because a lot of people didn't really come into contact with them. |
|
|
Term
| What is the false belief that the unleaven bread was made with blood of a Christian child? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was accused in Russia for a Blood Libel. Was arrested and tortured but let go |
|
|
Term
Who was the victim of the most notorious lynching in America?
Why was he lynched? |
|
Definition
Leo Frank
accused of killing a girl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was an anti-semite who wrote pamphlets and newspapers about falsities of Jews. Supported Hitler |
|
|
Term
| What were economic reasons for anti-semitism? |
|
Definition
| Had to find a scapegoat for the economy in most places. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief that Jews were full of money and were loan sharks |
|
|
Term
| What were theological reasons for anti-semitism? |
|
Definition
| Judaism was a different religion who did weird things and celebrated at weird times |
|
|
Term
| What did the conscience have to do with anti-semitism? |
|
Definition
| Many leaders who were anti-semites knew that Jews had this, but they didn't want the people to have this because Jews were bad an d they should rise up against them at all costs no matter whay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that Jews killed Christ |
|
|
Term
What are some solutions for anti-semitism?
4 |
|
Definition
Education
Talks and visits
Interfaith activities
Hope |
|
|
Term
| What were the four events that changed the face of Judaism? |
|
Definition
Holocaust
Founding of the state of Israel
Rise of Jewish community in the US
Exodus of Jews from the Soviet Union |
|
|
Term
| What two nations do most Jews live in? |
|
Definition
|
|
