Term
| What does Larson credit for having inspired Richardson to eliminate the horizontal banding in his elevations in favor of one continuous surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three factors that influenced the final site plan of the Glessner House: |
|
Definition
-South facing courtyard for light
-Safety, class war in Chicago
-Servant hall buffer from street and northern winds |
|
|
Term
| A checkerboard pattern of square stones created by alternating dark and light stones was a characteristic motif in the early work of ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term used by many 19th Century American architects used to describe the quality they were searching for in their designs was _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the site plan of the Glessner House, including a North arrow: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What reason did Richardson give for choosing the Romanesque as his point of inspiration for his work? |
|
Definition
| still had potential, prematurely cut off by development of Gothic |
|
|
Term
| What building was first responsible for establishing Richardson as a national-known architect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There were three libraries by Richardson shown in lecture. Sketch the concept of the floor plan that was repeated in all three projects: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the transverse section of the Glessner House, including the sun angles: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which material first led Richardson to eliminate the horizontal layering of his elevations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atrium skylight in a single-loaded corridor office building would be located at the _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides the Roman house, what was the other historical precedent for the interior atrium of 19th Century skyscrapers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the standard massing scheme of a New York skyscraper designed in the 1870s: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The style closest to describing the Equitable Life Insurance Building was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the Equitable Building considered by many historians to be the first skyscraper? |
|
Definition
| Elevator increased the floor to floor height |
|
|
Term
| The first skyscraper designed (but not built) for Chicago was the _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Renaissance palazzo provided what two precedents for the early skyscraper: |
|
Definition
| Planning, elevations, and massing |
|
|
Term
| ________________ was the tallest building under construction in the U.S. during the last 25 years of the 19th Century. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ is now being given credit for designing what most historians regard as the first skyscraper in the U.S. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ would have been the first skyscraper erected in Chicago had the 1871 fire not occurred. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the conventional color scheme of many of the buildings designed in the U.S. during the 1870s? |
|
Definition
| Polychrome, red and gray stone |
|
|
Term
| The tallest building (exclude any "structures") under construction in the U.S. during the 1870s was? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the geopolitical significance of Chicago's location at the time of its founding? |
|
Definition
| Link between Great Lakes and Mississippi River |
|
|
Term
| Name two 19th century American writers whose search for an American style paralleled the work of Richardson, Root, and Sullivan: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two advantages did Root's iron reinforced pad foundation have over the traditional foundations of the time? |
|
Definition
-Less depth needed
-Saved weight by eliminating stone pyramid |
|
|
Term
| Was Richardson responsible for bringing the "box" to Chicago? Explain. |
|
Definition
| No, Root did it before Richardson, Richardson improved form |
|
|
Term
| According to Larson, the major departure from Root's prior designs in Richardson's design of the Marshall Field Wholesale Store was _______________. |
|
Definition
| eliminates layering of floors, creates vertical emphasis |
|
|
Term
| List three technical innovations incorporated in the design and construction of the Rookery: |
|
Definition
-elevation with iron skeletal frame, single width of bricks
-modern concrete pad foundation
-terra cotta fire proofing |
|
|
Term
| What was a difference between the massing of a 1870s skyscraper in New York and a 1880s skyscraper in Chicago? |
|
Definition
New York: topped with tower to gain height
Chicago: simple extrusion of lot, didn't need "high profile" image |
|
|
Term
| Name two buildings that used the progression of layered arcades as their elevational idea prior to the Field Wholesale store: |
|
Definition
-New York Tribune Building
-New York Produce Exchange |
|
|
Term
| The first skyscraper built in Chicago, the _______________, was designed by ______________. |
|
Definition
| Montauk Block, Burnham & Root |
|
|
Term
| Larson credits Richardson with what achievement in the design of the Field Wholesale store? |
|
Definition
| Elimination of demarkation of floors in the middle of the body of the building |
|
|
Term
| The atrium skylight in the Rookery is located at the ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two technical firsts developed by Root that allowed the skyscraper to evolve in Chicago: |
|
Definition
-Non load bearing masonry wall with iron skeletal frame
-Pad foundation instead of previous pyramid style |
|
|
Term
| The _______________ was the last tall masonry bearing wall office building erected in Chicago. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first use of iron columns in the exterior of a skyscraper was the _______________. |
|
Definition
| Shillito's Department Store |
|
|
Term
| _______________ was the leading figure in the first Chicago School, who was responsible for the design of more skyscrapers than the rest of the school's figures combined. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three major architectural firms of the Chicago School that were in practice from 1881-1891. |
|
Definition
-Adler & Sullivan
-Burnham & Root
-Holabird & Roche |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the primary reason for the lack of ornament in the Montauk and Monadnock Blocks? |
|
Definition
| Office buildings meant to be functional, not corporate headquarters with lots of money, would just get covered by Chicago grime anyway |
|
|
Term
| The architect who was the first to be granted a U.S. patent for iron framing in skyscrapers was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The atrium skylight in the Masonic Temple was located at the ______________. |
|
Definition
| 21st story, center of building, double loaded corridor |
|
|
Term
| The model for the design of the elevations of the First Leiter Building was ______________. |
|
Definition
| Shillito's Department Store |
|
|
Term
| If Chicago cannot claim to have been the birthplace of the iron frame, what technical achievement central to the evolution of the skyscraper can it call its own? |
|
Definition
| Bringing iron back to exterior, developing lightweight fireproofing system |
|
|
Term
| What does Larson credit Root with having pioneered in the design of the elevations of the Monadnock and Masonic Temple? |
|
Definition
Monadnock: bearing wall
Masonic Temple: iron skeletal frame |
|
|
Term
| Is Sullivan's design of the Wainright Building's elevations honest? Why? |
|
Definition
| No, unnecessary heavy corner piers, doesn't express true structural integrity |
|
|
Term
| The leading figure of the Chicago School was ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three conceptual ways to design the elevation of a skeletal-framed skyscraper based on rational factors: |
|
Definition
-Empasize "cage" of structure
-Vertical emphasis (columns)
-Horizontal emphasis (windows/floors) |
|
|
Term
| What two skyscrapers represent Root's ultimate achievement of using the building's structural system as the primary basis for the design of a skyscraper's elevation? |
|
Definition
-Monadnock
-Masonic Temple |
|
|
Term
| The construction technique of the exterior of the Tacoma Building was first used in the _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three ways in which weight was reduced in the construction of Chicago skyscrapers which enabled them to be built taller on the city's relatively weak soil: |
|
Definition
-Replace masonry floor arches with flat-arched, hollow tile floors
-Replace masonry bearing walls with iron skeletal frame
-Replace brick exterior with lightweight terra cotta |
|
|
Term
| The first use of iron columns in the exterior of a skyscraper was the _______________. |
|
Definition
| Shillito's Department Store |
|
|
Term
| The tallest atrium constructed in the 19th Century was in the ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tallest building erected in Chicago during the First Chicago School was the ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Following his dictum "Form follows Function," Sullivan designed all the exterior columns in the Wainwright Building as ________________ elements. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tallest atrium designed by Root was in the __________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What building in Chicago was almost a direct copy of the Shillito's Store? Who was its architect? |
|
Definition
| First Leiter Building, Jenney |
|
|
Term
| The first exterior use of the Rookery atrium's hung-masonry curtain wall was on the _____________. Who was its architect? |
|
Definition
| Tacoma Building, Holabird & Roche |
|
|
Term
| What two differences were there in Buffington's patent that proves he was not influenced by the Home Insurance Building: |
|
Definition
-Wrought iron plates riveted together
-Buffington's masonry independent |
|
|
Term
| Sullivan's best-remembered phrase was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Draw a section of a Phoenix column and describe how it was fabricated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the major difference in the way Wright designed the interiors of his houses versus those of his institutional buildings during his Prairie House period? |
|
Definition
Institutional: deny visual contact with ground, direct eye vertically to sky
Houses: open out into horizontal expanse of exterior |
|
|
Term
| Define inglenook. What was the symbolism intended by Wright when he used it? |
|
Definition
| Hearth/fireplace; Symbol of family, anchors composition and denies axis |
|
|
Term
| The only two non-residential buildings designed by Wright during his Prairie School phase that were constructed were: |
|
Definition
-Larkin Building
-Unity Temple |
|
|
Term
| Sketch the site plan and pedestrian approach of the Robie House. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the movement sequence from entry to sanctuary to Fellowship Hall in Unity Temple. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe why and how Wright used ornamental banding in his interiors. |
|
Definition
| Trim would turn corner and make it continuous instead of stopping it, emphasize horizontal and space rather than planes of wall |
|
|
Term
| What was Wright's view of contemporary technology with respect to his designs? |
|
Definition
| In favor of and up to date with technology, but saw no reason to derive aesthetic of building solely from it |
|
|
Term
| The type of geometric organization used in the plans of Wright's prairie houses is known as the _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three influences on the development of Wright's design process that occured prior to the start of his Prairie houses: |
|
Definition
-Froebel Blocks
-Sullivan's philosophy
-Wisconsin prairie |
|
|
Term
| Draw and explain Wright's detailing of the brick in the Robie House. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two details that Wright used to impart a horizontal accent to the exteriors of his Prairie Houses. |
|
Definition
| -Match color of vertical grout with brick -Vertical grout flush with brick, horizontal grout set back |
|
|
Term
| Diagram (major spaces only) the plan of the Larkin Building. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term used to describe the geometry of the plans Wright's Prairie Houses is _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the floor plan of Unity Temple. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three characteristics of Wright's Prairie Houses: |
|
Definition
| -Horizontal layering -Central hearth/inglenook -Non axial plan |
|
|
Term
| Sketch a vertical transverse cross-section of the central office space in the Larkin Building. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "pictures of the floating world," Japanese woodblock prints |
|
|
Term
| What two structural elements unique to his time did Gaudi employ in many of his buildings? |
|
Definition
-Parabolic curve
-Inclined/slanted columns |
|
|
Term
| Hector Guimard is best known for the design of the _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Gaudi incline his columns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The other major Belgian Art Nouveau architect besides Horta was _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The trademark formal element of Art Nouveau was the _______________. |
|
Definition
| Whiplash/curvilinear line |
|
|
Term
| What theoretician was very influential on the work of Victor Horta? _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Gaudi's technique of structural analysis and design. |
|
Definition
| Used fishing wire and weights to determine forces on arch |
|
|
Term
| The German equivalent of Art Nouveau was called _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three architectural movements in the 19th Century that we have studied this quarter that were manifestations of the rise of nationalism: |
|
Definition
-National Romanticism
-Art Nouveau
-Arts and Crafts |
|
|
Term
| The Paris subway stations were designed by ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The theoretician who had the greatest influence on the development of Art Nouveau architecture was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gaudi's patron in Barcelona was ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Victor Horta is known for what style of architecture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A distinguishing motif of Art Nouveau was the _____________. |
|
Definition
| Whiplash/curvilinear line |
|
|
Term
| The arches used by Gaudi had a ______________ profile. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Art Nouveau architecture originated in what country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The architect known for his wire and fishing weight models used to determine the structure of his buildings was ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What project by Mackintosh exhibited at the Secession had a profound influence on these designers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nickname given to the group of four designers centered around Mackintosh because of the colors and forms they used was the ________________. |
|
Definition
| Spook School or Glasgow Four |
|
|
Term
| Margaret McDonald's signature motif was the ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The city that was the center of German applied arts and the home of the Ernst Ludwig school of art was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What influence did Glasgow have on Mackintosh's design approach? |
|
Definition
| Ship building and luxury liners, promoted efficient spatial design and technological integration |
|
|
Term
| The architect of the Secession building was ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The winner of the competition for the Vienna subway system was ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Mackintosh's approach to the design of interior spaces. |
|
Definition
| Create total interiors by establishing, developing, and amplifying theme throughout the space and its contained objects |
|
|
Term
| Compare Hoffmann's approach in design of surface and volume with that of Wright's. |
|
Definition
Hoffman: used planes and emphasized corner
Wright: used masses and deemphasized corner |
|
|
Term
| What city did Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig try to make into a German "Athens?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the firm that Joseph Hoffmann helped to start that produced high quality objects and furnishings for houses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ was the "father figure" of the Secessionists. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The painter who collaborated with Olbrich in the design of the Secession Building was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Secessionists were located in what city? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two people responsible for the design of the Secession Building were: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charles Rennie Mackintosh had a connection with which continental European art movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The elevational treatment used in the entrance facade of Grundtvig church is best described as______________. Where did this form originate in Denmark? |
|
Definition
| Stepped gable; Copenhagen/local churches |
|
|
Term
| What device is used in the Stockholm City Hall to link it with the adjacent lake? |
|
Definition
| Open arcade, see water from ground level |
|
|
Term
| List two precedents for Saarinen's final design of the main entry in the Helsinki Railroad Station: |
|
Definition
-Sullivan Golden Door
-Olbrich's Ernst Ludwig House |
|
|
Term
| The Kallio Church was designed by ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the elevational treatment Saarinen typically used in the towers of his Finnish buildings: |
|
Definition
| Slightly stepped vertical tower, horizontal massing, heavy corner bookends |
|
|
Term
| The building typically credited with the start of the National Romantic movement in Scandinavia is _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Tampere Cathedral was designed by _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "The arrangement of a vertical force against a contrasting and balancing horizontal volume" best describes the compositional theory employed by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movement in Scandinavia at the turn of the century that was a genuine attempt to interpret the indigenous tradition of each of the respective countries is referred to as ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two reasons why Saarinen preferred to incorporate a vertical element in the massing of his buildings: |
|
Definition
-Anchor in landscape
-Contrast/balance with horizontal base |
|
|
Term
| The style that evolved in Finland to express and preserve the indigenous culture in the face of increasing pressure by the czar to 'russify' Finland was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saarinen's favorite interior color was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The typical Saarinen formal composition incorporated a _____________ element to _______________. |
|
Definition
| vertical, anchor building and balance horizontals |
|
|
Term
| ________________ is the name of residential compound of Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Hvittrask" was the name given to the residential complex of _________________. |
|
Definition
| Gesellius, Lindgren, and Saarinen |
|
|
Term
| What three architects does GSL stand for? |
|
Definition
| Gesellius, Lindgren and Saarinen |
|
|
Term
| What two things were necessary to be developed in the late 18th/early 19th centuries to enable the evolution of modern concrete structures? |
|
Definition
-Hydraulic cement
-Reinforcing |
|
|
Term
| List three reasons why Larson considers reinforced concrete, and not iron, to have been the material more responsible for the development of modern architecture: |
|
Definition
-No precedent, new concept
-Plastic, could take almost any shape
-Could cantilever, columns no longer needed |
|
|
Term
| Ernest Ransome's concrete framed factories bore a stunning resemblance to those designed at the same time by what French pioneer in concrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first important French contractor of reinforced concrete prior to the Franco-Prussian War was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The architect chosen by Henry Ford to design his factories in Detroit was _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What economic advantage did the Hennebique system enjoy in Paris? |
|
Definition
| Thinner floors allowed extra floor to be added |
|
|
Term
| What was the secret of Roman cement that was rediscovered in the 19th Century? |
|
Definition
| Hydraulic properties of Pouzzoli cement, chemical composition that allowed it to internally harden without being exposed to atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| The French rationalist tradition, started by Soufflot, and best represented by the work of Perret, was a quest to synthesize the ideas of what two historic styles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What other theoretician, besides Viollet-le-Duc, influenced the work of Perret? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two theoreticians influenced the work of Perret? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The architect responsible for the early use of reinforced concrete structures in the design of the first automobile factories in Detroit was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first skyscraper constructed with a reinforced concrete frame was the ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Swiss engineer famous for his graceful, shallow arched, three-hinged concrete bridges was _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Portland Cement was first invented in which country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The demise of terra-cotta fireproofing that led to the universal acceptance of reinforced concrete was a result of _______________. |
|
Definition
| San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 |
|
|
Term
| In which country was the principle of reinforcing concrete first developed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What advantage did reinforced concrete enjoy over iron from the viewpoint of structural rationalists? |
|
Definition
| No fireproofing meant exposed tructure, iron had to be covered and fireproofed |
|
|
Term
| Which French engineer built an international concrete company after the Franco-Prussian War? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of Tony Garnier's socialist utopian city which employed concrete housing and solar power? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is generally regarded as the first American reinforced concrete building? |
|
Definition
| William Ward's Concrete Castle |
|
|
Term
| The German architectural theorist who noted the inferior quality of German manufactured goods at the 1851 World's Fair was _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What past style did Semper champion as being capable of further development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the precedent for the Brandenburg Gate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first theoretician to speculate about the woven qualities of the primitive curtain wall was _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The German artist usually credited as having coined the term “gesamtkunstwerk” is ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Wasmuth Volumes documented the early work of ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The German architectural writer who mythologized the English Arts and Crafts house at the term of the century was ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gropius was responsible for what building at the 1914 Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two leading designers that were placed in charge of a major German school of design prior to WWI. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loos' major criticism of the Deutscher Werkbund was that it ____________________. |
|
Definition
| Attempted to artistically misrepresent the reality of the object they were trying to improve |
|
|
Term
| The Deutscher Werkbund chose _______________ to design the model factory for its 1914 Cologne exhibition. The final design was influenced by what Wright building? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AEG of Germany hired _______________ to redesign its entire image, production, and buildings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the three founders of the Deutscher Werkbund was __________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Das Englische Haus" was written by _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the primary difference in intention between a Kahn-designed factory and the Behrens-designed AEG factory? |
|
Definition
Kahn: just a building
Behrens: building but also transcended to make art |
|
|
Term
| The ________________ was founded to encourage the improvement of machine production in Germany. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Behrens was greatly influenced by which philosopher? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Herman Muthesius used which type of building as the model for Germany to emulate in order to improve its building design? |
|
Definition
| English Arts and Crafts Houses |
|
|
Term
| How can one view the design of the Fagus factory as an inverse of the AEG Turbine factory? |
|
Definition
Fagus: lack of/transparent corner, pushes structure in
AEG: solid corner, pulls structure out |
|
|
Term
| The Fagus Works was designed by _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what three shapes did Cezanne say that nature reveals itself? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Futurist Manifesto was written by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two factors which occurred prior to 1860 that influenced the evolution towards abstraction on modern painting: |
|
Definition
-Japanese prints
-Invention of camera |
|
|
Term
| The primary objective of Cubist painting was _______________. |
|
Definition
| Destroy conventional single-view painting |
|
|
Term
| What three shapes did Cubists painters employ in their paintings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________________ is the name given to a group of radical Italian designers who were prominent just prior to the start of WWI. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Futurist movement was centered in _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was one of the compositional goals of Cubist paintings? |
|
Definition
| Imply movement/time within the picture plane |
|
|
Term
| "Concerning the Spiritual in Art" was written by _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first Expressionist glass skyscraper was designed by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ designed the Weimar government's new research tower for Einstein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ designed the second Goetheanum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three buildings at the Werkbund’s 1914 Cologne exhibition that represented the three main movements in German architecture prior to the start of WWI. |
|
Definition
-Glass pavilion
-Model factory
-Model theater |
|
|
Term
| What was the 'crystal chain?' |
|
Definition
| Group of underground expressionist artists in Germany |
|
|
Term
| Did Mies extrude the lotlines of the site in both of his glass skyscraper proposals? Why? |
|
Definition
| No, crystallized floorplan to reflect light into the street |
|
|
Term
| The designer of the German Glass Industry Pavilion at the 1914 Deutscher Werkbund exhibition was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Give an example of a different German Expressionist architect who designed in each of the following materials:
glass, brick,and dynamism (concrete). |
|
Definition
Glass: Taut
Brick: Poelzig
Dynamism (concrete): Berg |
|
|
Term
| Why was the cathedral viewed as the ideal historic building type for the German Expressionists? |
|
Definition
| all arts came together (architecture, sculpture, painting) |
|
|
Term
| ________________ was the major building project that focused the energies of German expressionists immediately following the end of WWI. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Chilehaus in Hamburg was designed by ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The author of "Glass Architecture" was ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Cathedral of Socialism was the ultimate goal of what movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Grosses Schauspielhaus in Berlin was designed by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the typical elevational/massing scheme for an Art Deco skyscraper. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The traditional atrium in 19th century skyscrapers was quickly replaced by ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three influences on the Art Deco skyscraper that came from Europe: |
|
Definition
-1925 Paris World's Fair
-German Expressionism
-Saarinen's stepped towers |
|
|
Term
| The second-place winner of the Chicago Tribune competition was ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What World's Fair (date and city) played a pivotal role in the development of Art Deco in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What building project finally forced New York to initiate proceedings toward a zoning code that would limit the size of skyscrapers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The conte crayon renderings of the design potential of the 1916 New York zoning code were drawn by ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "The Autobiography of an Idea" was written by _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first Neo-Gothic skyscraper to break the stranglehold of Neo-Classicism in New York City was the ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two precedents for the ornament used on the Art Deco skyscraper. |
|
Definition
-Chicago School
-German Expressionism |
|
|
Term
| List two precedents for the massing of the Art Deco skyscraper. |
|
Definition
-NYC zoning code
-Masonic Temple |
|
|
Term
| _________________ designed the Nebraska state Capitol. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ designed the Singer Building, the first U.S. building to break the 600' mark. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The style of the Woolworth Building in New York City designed by Cass Gilbert can best be described as ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The building that forced New York City to enact a zoning code in 1916 was designed by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ernest Flagg's design of the Singer Building in New York can best be described as _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Chicago Tribune competition was won by ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The European city that was the inspiration for Wiley Corbet's and Hugh Ferris' multi-level city studies was ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Art Deco was based on rejecting contemporary technology and using the vocabulary of "traditional" architecture. (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wright would later state that he was influenced by _____________ in the design of his Californian "knit-block" houses. |
|
Definition
| South American Architecture (Aztec, Incan, Mayan) |
|
|
Term
| Wright designed two highrise projects in the 1920s. They are: |
|
Definition
-National Life Insurance Building
-Price Tower |
|
|
Term
| _______________ designed the First Church, Christ the Scientist in Berkeley. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how Wright achieved a two-story living area in the apartments in his proposed tower for St. Mark's in the Bowrie: |
|
Definition
| Cantilevered floors off single core, allowed for two story spaces |
|
|
Term
| _________________ is noted as the first American architect to completely eschew the use of all ornament in his designs in favor of an asymmetrical massing of rectilinear forms with smooth, white-washed walls with frameless windows. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ is best known for his eclecticism, being able to synthesize a diverse collection of stylistic elements with the technology of the day, including such off-the-shelf materials as industrial metal sash and sheet asbestos panels. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term that best describes the style of buildings designed by Bernard Maybeck is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The type of California house that influenced the work of Greene and Greene was known as the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe "knit-block" construction: |
|
Definition
| Decorative concrete blocks stacked on top of eachother |
|
|
Term
| One of the major differences between the houses designed by Wright and those designed by Greene and Greene was that Wright used ____________ (type of) roofs while Greene and Greene used _____________ roofs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "There is something very restful and satisfying to my mind in the simple cube house with creamy walls, sheer and plain, rising boldly into the sky, unrelieved by cornices or overhang of roof," is a quote by _____________ which describes his inner feelings of his residential designs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three precautions Wright designed into the Imperial Hotel in anticipation of seismic action. |
|
Definition
-Tapered walls
-Friction pile foundation
-Flexible connections |
|
|
Term
| The architect recognized as the master of the early California "bungalow" in which sensuously-detailed wood construction and deep overhanging balconies were used was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ is the name of Wright's compound in Spring Green. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The architect of the proposed Leningrad Pravda Building in Moscow was ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The architect of the Rusakov Worker's Club was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two avant-garde art movements which emerged in Russia just prior to the Russian revolution and the respective leader of each. |
|
Definition
-Suprematism: Malevich
-Constructivism: Tatlin |
|
|
Term
| Name the two avant-garde architecture movements that emerged in Russia during the leadership of Lenin and an architect from each. |
|
Definition
-Rationalism: Ladovsky
-Constructivism: Tatlin |
|
|
Term
| The spiraling design for the proposed Monument to the Third International was conceived by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Constructivist architecture was primarily a product of this country: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________ was the design school in Communist Russia that preceded the Bauhaus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a Russian Suprematist painter: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Prouns," ideograms with a Utopian content, were conceived by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a “corner counter-relief”? |
|
Definition
| Sculpture installed in corner of room, no front axis |
|
|
Term
| What rationalist approach was manifested in Melnikov’s design of the 1925 USSR pavilion? |
|
Definition
| Diagonals to make it appear larger |
|
|
Term
| Who was the first to make “architectons”? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Leningrad Pravda Building for Moscow was a project designed by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The competition devised by the Soviets as a response to the Chicago Tribune Building competition was: |
|
Definition
| Palace of Labor Competition |
|
|
Term
| Describe three details in the Vesnin’s Palace of Labor that identify it as a Constructivist building: |
|
Definition
-Exposed Machinery
-Rayonism
-Asymmetrical |
|
|
Term
| _______________ was the architect invited by Gropius to give the keynote speech at the Bauhaus Week of 1923? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two abstract painters who played a major role in the aesthetic change in the Bauhaus curriculum: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What typeface/font was used in Bauhaus publications after the arrival of Moholy-Nagy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two avant-garde artists were credited by Larson as being somewhat responsible for the change in its teaching ideology/pedagogy from Expressionism to Abstract formalism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Van Doesburg's term for the new way he composed space as a continuous, but non-linear flow of space was ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Towards a Plastic Architecture" was written by _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the difference in how Wright approached the design of his interiors and how van Doesburg designed his interiors? |
|
Definition
Wright: continuous flow of space
Van Doesburg: copied Wright's forms but didn't understand reason for them |
|
|
Term
| Neo-Plasticism is a term associated with what movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The De Stijl movement received much of its initial impetus from the non-objective paintings by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the spatial sequence implied in the paintings by Van Doesburg: |
|
Definition
| Continuous free flowing space defined by non-touching planes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Red-Blue Chair was designed by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Schröder House was designed by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the changes made in the first-year design at the Bauhaus made when Maholy-Nagy replaced Itten as the teacher. |
|
Definition
| Moved from expressionist to machinist style |
|
|
Term
| What was the major design difference between Mies' Concrete and Brick Country House projects? |
|
Definition
Concrete: separate bays, voids in space between
Brick Country: continuous planes/space, voids cut out |
|
|
Term
| The German term used by German designers after WWI who relied solely on realism and functionalism to describe their work was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The objective of the Vorkurs (foundation course) at the Bauhaus was _____________. |
|
Definition
| Give everyone a foundation in design, get everyone on same level |
|
|
Term
| The German term that describes the spirit of Mies' Concrete Office Building of 1923 was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What architectural theoretician was responsible for the shift in design theory away from Expressionism at the Weimar Bauhaus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Marcel Breuer is best known for the design of the ______________ chair while working at the Bauhaus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 'Wassily' chair was designed by ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Dutch architect known for his sachlich housing projects was ________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ was the leading theoretician of the De Stijl movement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The architect in overall charge of planning the 1927 Weissenhof Siedlung was _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______________ was the major building type that brought the International Style to the forefront of German design in the 1920s. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Walter Gropius assembled his faculty for the Bauhaus School, he drew many of them from which field of expertise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ was the director of the trade/design school in Weimar when its name was changed to the Staatliches Bauhaus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The event most responsible for the philosophical switch at the Bauhaus from Expressionism to "The New Architecture" was _______________. |
|
Definition
| Maholy-Nagy replacing Itten |
|
|
Term
| Define Neue Sachlichkeit. |
|
Definition
| Realism and functionalism with no need of art |
|
|
Term
| Describe Mies' spatial order in his designs of 1923-1929. |
|
Definition
| Asymmetry and defining space through arrangement of free standing planes within rectilinear order |
|
|
Term
| The Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg Monument was designed by _______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first building designed by Corbusier that incorporated pilotis was ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The original purpose of the Dom-ino system was to ________________. |
|
Definition
| Cheap, quick housing because of WWI |
|
|
Term
| What was the elevational design advantage of the Dom-ino system? Was this the first realization of this advantage? |
|
Definition
| Free walls and facades because of cantilever; no, Root did it first |
|
|
Term
| Why did Le Corbusier use ramps in the interiors of his early houses? |
|
Definition
| So as not to break flow of space |
|
|
Term
| List two influences on Corbusier's interest in the two-story living space: |
|
Definition
-Parisian art studio
-Parisian restaurant |
|
|
Term
| "A machine for living in" is a concept associated with the work of _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three major architectural figures worked in Peter Behrens' office? |
|
Definition
-Gropius
-Mies
-Le Corbusier |
|
|
Term
| List Corbusier's Five Points of a New Architecture: |
|
Definition
-Free plan
-Free facade
-Ribbon window
-Pilotis
-Roof Garden |
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier used this term to describe the spatial sequence in his buildings: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier worked for what two major European figures in pre-WWI Europe which had a marked influence on his career? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The golden section as an ordering system was best represented in the work of what architect we studied
this period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________________ was the term Le Corbusier and Ozenfant chose for their painting style, which was a conscious rejection of much of what Cubism represented. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Towards an Architecture" was written by ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the car approach to the ground floor of the Villa Savoye. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Draw Le Corbusier's four compositions and name the building which is an example of each. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swedish social reformer/art historian, wanted to change design for middle class, influenced Asplund towards functionalism |
|
|
Term
| The Theme of the 1930 Stockholm Exhibition was _______________. |
|
Definition
| Functionalism/Swedish Arts and Crafts |
|
|
Term
| The building designed by Aalto that best represents his interpretation of Corbu's five points is the _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the inspiration for Aalto's design of the interior of the Finnish pavilion at the 1939 World's Fair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Aalto say the reason was for his incorporating a courtyard in many his projects? |
|
Definition
| Giving his clients something for nothing |
|
|
Term
| List two design decisions Aalto made in consideration of the comfort of the patients at the Paimio Sanitarium: |
|
Definition
-Noiseless sinks
-Lights avoid glare |
|
|
Term
| Aalto's first International Style building was the ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aalto's first use of the undulating surface of wood slats was in what building? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bent-wood "Paimio chair" was designed by ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the longitudinal section of the major chapel of the Woodland Crematorium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What new science apparently had a great influence on Asplund's designs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sketch the overall plan of the Paimio Sanitarium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Asplund incorporate spaces with skewed (non-parallel) walls in his early houses? |
|
Definition
| Psychological perception changes (forced perspective), user oriented composition |
|
|
Term
| The name of the firm founded by Maire and Hary Gullichsen to market Aalto-designed home furnishings is _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the two design criteria used by Aalto to determine the longitudinal section of the meeting hall in the library in Viipuri. |
|
Definition
-Acoustics
-Hierarchy in seating |
|
|
Term
| Describe Aalto's use of colors on the exterior of the Paimio Sanitarium. |
|
Definition
| White building, color "bleeds" wherever he cuts surface |
|
|
Term
| Which space is used by Aalto as the high point or visual anchor of the massing composition in Villa Mairea? |
|
Definition
|
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