Term
| Describe the stuctural difference between a Roman and Byzantine dome |
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Definition
Byzantine: had floating domes and used pendentives
Roman: had a flat dome on top of a drum and a rotunda with vertical supports |
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Term
| Byzantine architecture can be credited with in invention of what two new structural techniques? |
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Definition
1. Flying buttress
2. Pendentives |
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Term
| Describe the difference between a Roman space and a Byzantine space |
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Definition
Roman: arregration of structural unit on teh inside, smaller modulus
Byzantine: space is enlarged, load taking to sides, less articulation, more comples |
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Term
| What is the role of a pendetive? |
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Definition
| A pendentive makes the transition from a round dome to a square base |
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Term
| Why did Byzantine churches employ gold leaf mosaics in their interiors? |
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Definition
| The Bible describes heaven as being laid with gold |
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Term
| Describe the difference between a Byzantine church's exterior and its interior. What was teh reason for this difference? |
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Definition
| The exterior is made of stone which represents earthly life. The interior is highly ornamented because it represents heavenly life |
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Term
| Constantine built his new capital at _______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare the Basilica Ulpia to the design of old St.Peter's Church |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary difference between the design of the exterior of a Roman temple and that of a Byzantine church was: |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary difference between the design of the interior of a Roman bath and that of a Byzantine church was: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which space has the larger dimension: the Pantheon of Hagia Sophia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were Moslem architects able to build high profile domes while Byzantine builders were not? |
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Definition
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Term
| Early Moslem architecture can be credited with what three architectural innovations? |
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Definition
1. high profile dome
2. pointed arch
3. squinch |
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Term
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Definition
| corbelling of bricks that goes from octagonal shape to a dome shape, filling in the upper angles of a square room to form a proper base |
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Term
| To span teh space between a circular dome and a square bay, Moslem architects typically used a series of arches built upon one another. This device is known as a __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| To what city and country was teh papacy moved to from Rome during what was known as the "Babylonian captivity"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is credited as being the "Father of the Renaissance?" |
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Definition
| Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) |
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Term
| Who coined the term "gothic" as a pejorative description of everything made in teh land north of the Alps? |
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Definition
| Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) |
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Term
| Who were the Ghibellines and the Guelfs? |
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Definition
| The Ghibellines were Germans who were pro- Holy Roman Empire. The Guelfs were Italains who were pro-Pope. |
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Term
| Explain how Florence benefitted from the "Babylonian captivity" |
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Definition
| they were the furthest south so they gained more political power because the pope wasn't down there anymore |
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Term
| Explain how the final appearance of the Florence cathedral is a manifestation of the battle between the Ghibellines and the Guelfs in Florence |
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Definition
| The "northern" pointed arch was representative of the Ghibellines and later renovations on the building began to sprout "Italian" round arches |
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Term
| Who won the competition for the design of the doors of the Florence Baptistry |
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Definition
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Term
| Who won the competition for the design of the dome for the Florence cathedral? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significant difference in the final plan of the Florence Cathedral from teh typical plan of a Gothic church? |
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Definition
| The altar was under the large dome whereas the altar is usually on either end of the nave |
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Term
| What was the Roman solution to the thrust of a dome's haunches? |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare the scale of the Florence dome to the Pantheon, Hagia Sophia, and Beauvais Cathedral |
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Definition
| the Florence dome could fit any of these inside of it. It was like putting the Pantheon on top of the Beauvais Cathedral. |
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Term
| List three advantages gained in the Florence Cathedral by giving the dome a quinto acuto profile |
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Definition
1. you don't need to use scaffolding which cut down on the cost of centering the dome
2. the pointed arch is taller which allows for a larger dome
3. there is less thrust so you don't need to use buttresses |
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Term
| Who developed the first treatise on perspective? |
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Definition
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Term
| The only Classical treatise on architecture recovered during the Renaissance was written by: |
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Definition
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Term
| What architectural theorist published the first edition of Vitruvius? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you remember nothing else from Vitruvius, you must know these three words that are etched in architectural history: |
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Definition
| commodity, firmness, and delight |
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Term
| What is considered to be the start of the Counter-Reformation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three requirements did the Council of Trent establish for Counter-Reformation art? |
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Definition
1. clarity
2. realistic interpretation
3. emotional stimulus to piety |
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Term
| The first scientist to investigate the structural properties of materials was: |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Baroque architecture Classical? |
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Definition
| no, because there are three dimensions instead of only two |
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Term
| The founder of English empiricism was: |
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Definition
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