Term
|
Definition
| Intense fear or hatred for homosexuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Men play a variety of gender roles including nurturing-caring role and effeminate gay role |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sex: Biological characteristics in relation to MALE and FEMALE.
Gender: culturally expected behaviors and identities based on biological characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gender = social/cultural categories of MAN and WOMAN
masculinity vs. femininity.
Cultural expectation of how a male or female should act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
**Transgender: A transgender person is born of a particular sex (female, male), but performs a gender that does not conform to cultural/social standards that are associated with that sex category.
Transsexual: A person who strongly identifies with the opposite sex and may likely change their external sex organs to live as that opposite sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Belief that men and women are inherently different due to biology and genes.
(Often a justification for oppression and inequality of women’s statuses and opportunities.) |
|
|
Term
| Instrumentality and Expressiveness |
|
Definition
Men are seen as INSTRUMENTAL emphasis on tasks, goals, emphasis on relationship between family and other social institutions
Men traditionally dominated the PUBLIC sphere. (Breadwinner, provider, economic foundation to the family).
Women are seen as EXPRESSIVE. emphasis on harmony and internal emotional affairs of the family
Thus, Women were unjustly placed in the PRIVATE sphere. (Homemaker, housewife, caretaker of children). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrumentanality and expressiveness. Puts men and women into these categories. does not account for people who dont fit in these categories or explain why men should act one way and women another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief that males have long held power over women. see gender differences as subjugation of women by men. mens work is valued while womens work is devalued |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to conflict view but would be more likely to embrace a political action agenda |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Micro level. Gender distinctions and "doing gender" are reflected in people's everyday behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idea that one sex is superior to the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A society in which men as a group dominate (women, institutional positions, cultural representations, knowledge, etc.)
Often leads to the oppression of women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An invisible social barrier that keeps women and minority groups from becoming upwardly mobile. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea of coming home from work and then having to do a "second shift" as a mother. outside home work followed by child care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A system of patterned and predictable ways of thinking and behaving.
Beliefs, Values, Attitudes, and Norms
Both abstract and very real at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any sexually expressive, parent-child, or other kin relationship in which people form a unit to care for children, consider their identity to be attached to the group, and commit to sustaining the group over time. |
|
|
Term
| Nuclear and Extended family |
|
Definition
nuclear- immediate family. parents and unwed children.
Extended- when other family members live in the house |
|
|
Term
| Polygamy (and Polygyny & Polyandry), Monogamy, Serial Monogamy |
|
Definition
| polygamy: Form of marriage in which one person may have two or more spouses |
|
|
Term
| Functionalist view of families |
|
Definition
| The family as a contributor to social stability. Roles of family members. see page 219 |
|
|
Term
| Conflict view of families |
|
Definition
| The family as a perpetuator of inequality. Transmission of poverty or wealth across generations |
|
|
Term
| Feminist view of families |
|
Definition
| The family as a perpetuator of gender roles. Female-headed households |
|
|
Term
| Interactionist view of families |
|
Definition
| Micro level. Relationships among family members. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the state of being related to others.
bilateral decent- both sides of family regarded as equal
patrilineal- favors father
matrilieal- favors mothers side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things |
|
|
Term
| Durkheim’s view of religion |
|
Definition
Religion helps integrate people through shared beliefs. religion as social support.
Functionalist- religion as a source of social integration and unification. and as a source of support for individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coined "protestant ethic". Religion has social consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observed by weber as protestants' disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and rational orientation to life. Capitalistic world view |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thought religion impeded social change by encouraging oppressed people to focus on otherworldly concerns. the dominant religion reinforces beliefs of those in power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| religion as a potential obstacle for social change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| religion as an instrument for womens subjugation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rigid adherence to fundamental religious doctrines. often, literal application of scriptures to todays world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Practices required or expected of members of a faith |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A formal process of learning in which some people consciously teach while others adopt the social role of learner. |
|
|
Term
| Barry Schwartz’s article “The Debasing of Education” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Education provides important functions for society.
Transmission of knowledge – reading, writing, mathematics, history, science, etc.
Transmission of skills – practices needed to adapt within society.
serving as an agent of change
promoting social and political integration
maintaining social control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Argues that system of education solidifies class positions of groups.
Educational opportunities are not equally distributed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and taught subtly in schools. |
|
|
Term
| Randall Collins’ Credentialism |
|
Definition
| credentialism- a term used to describe an increase in the lowest level of education needed to enter a field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups based on thier test scores and other criteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teacher-expectancy effect |
|
Definition
| a teachers expectation of a student may effect their performance |
|
|
Term
| Bureaucratization of schools |
|
Definition
pg 242-243
5 basic characteristics of beurocracy: Division of labor, heirarchy of authority, written rules and regulations, impersonality, employment based on technical qualifications.
functionalists approve of this while conflict dont |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Authority (traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic) |
|
Definition
traditional- ruler like a chief or king's authority is absolute and they have the ability to determine societies laws and policies. authority rests in custom not qualifications
rational-legal- Like US. leaders are thought to be competent in certain areas but not divinely inspired
charismatic- leader has exceptional personal and emotional appeal. people perceive them as qualified |
|
|
Term
| C. Wright Mills’ Power Elite Theory |
|
Definition
| there is a powerful, elite group that controls the country. |
|
|
Term
Capitalism and Socialism
pgs 252-254 |
|
Definition
capitalism- economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.
Socialism- the means of production and distribution in a society are collectively rather than privately owned. the basic objective is to meet people's needs rather than maximize profits. belief in central gov. making basic economic decisions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exists when a single business firm controls the market. domination of an industry allows the firm to control a commodity by dictating pricing, quality standards, and availability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic system in which all property is communally owned and no social distinction is made on the basis of peoples' ability to produce |
|
|
Term
Deindustrialization
pg 259 |
|
Definition
| systematic widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the scientific study of population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fertility- the level of reproduction in a society
Mortality- the level of death in a society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increasing reproduction among people with desired traits and decreasing reproduction for those with less desired traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. not just the absence of disease and infirmity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to societal expectations about the attitudes and behaviors of a person viewed as being ill. ex) excused from work but expected to get well |
|
|
Term
| Medicalization of society |
|
Definition
(Part of conflict approach)
using medicine to control society. once its deemed a "medical issue" its harder for the common person to join the conversation. Also allows for control over medical procedure and other health care professionals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
