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Jazz Studies
Jazz studies test
69
Music
Undergraduate 2
10/26/2008

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Cards

Term
Players Art
Definition
Jazz player is the composer, focus is on the player, song designed for the player
Term
Blue Notes
Definition
3rd, 5th, 7th notes are lowered
Term
Dissonance
Definition
Notes are right next to each other
Term
quarter tones
Definition

a note players are searching for between two notes

(2 combined notes)

Term
Syncopation
Definition
rythmic figures, removed of an accent where you expect one, adding an accent when you least expect
Term
vibrato
Definition
wiggling of a note
Term
form
Definition
construction of music, when to start, stop etc
Term
iambic pritometer
Definition

way they write blues music,

5high sounds 5 low sounds

Term
Jazz was...
Definition

Dance music until the 1940's

then turned into an art form

players music/art

improv was main core of it

Term
Jazz until the 1920's
Definition

embelishment (illiterate)

then started to study it and make up brand new music

Term
active listening vs. passive listening
Definition
concentration
Term
monophonic
Definition
1 sound at a time
Term
polyphonic
Definition
2 or 3 sounds at a time
Term
homophonic
Definition
harmony, big band, a bunch playing at once
Term

rhythmic section

Definition

piano,bass, drums

 

in marching band- tuba, piano and drum

 

africa rhthym comes from slave trade 

Term

drums were feared because...

Definition

blacks talked with them

Term
functional music
Definition

had to do with daily life

dance music

Term
New orleans
Definition

built by french

french gave it to spain

1800's spain gave it back to french

Term
Creole color
Definition

1/2 white 1/2 black

sent overseas for school

Term
segregation
Definition
lowered creoles to the level of black, took away their power
Term
congo square
Definition
rec. area on Sunday brought slaves there to be free for a day
Term
Mardi Gras
Definition

tuesday before lent up until lent

religious event

Term
Benevelnce Society/Krase
Definition

Small Social Organization

take care of dead.

Term
Marching Band
Definition

1st line- trumpet, trombone, clarinet

Tuba, Banjo, Drum (rhythm)

2nd line- actual people follow band and make parade (rowdy)

Term

Great awakening

 

Definition
religiou movement eary 1800s tried to force people to be christian
Term
hym gospel
Definition
Scriptures
Term
spirituals
Definition
religous folk songs
Term
Mahale Jackson
Definition

made gospel music popular

Term

Blues

Definition

Strict Harmonic Form (doesnt change)

12 bar blues

only 3 chords, each chord has 3 notes

Term
early blues
Definition

came from plantation; no form picking cotton, no instruments, early poetry, sings about stuff from day

no rules or reason

Term

City Blues

Definition

12 bar blues

women performing

iambic contameter

1&2 lines exactly the same

line 3 new

Term

country and city blues

vs.

vocal or instrumental blues

Definition

up until 1930s either country or city blues

after 1930s vocal or instrumental

Term
city blues
Definition

showbiz; when blues craze

dominated by female vocalists with small jazz group

ma rainey (mother or blues) and bessie smith (emperess of blues)

Term
country blues artists
Definition

delta blues singers

big bill brunsey

lightning hopkins

bline lemon jefferson

josh white

lead belly

robert johnson

Term
WC handey
Definition

father of blues

not a blues player, educated

champion of blues players, opened a talent agency wrote contracts for blacks so they didnt get ripped off

Term
John and allen lowmax
Definition
traveled around country with a tape recorder to record all blues music; saved alot of blues music that wasn't written down
Term
Ragtime
Definition

piano style late 1800's-early 1900s

1st early black music, happy fun, no improv or jazz, dance music of era, devil music born in midwest, influenced by syncopation

march tempo (2,4 time)

music of uptown new orleans came from W. classical music. 1st popular music (structured)

composers music, music of silent films. complicated form

Term
Scott Johnson
Definition

maple leaf rag late 1800s

creole color, hero, fanaticle about music

wrote and opera- tree manisha no one came

1976 revieved puletzer prize after death

piano rolls- tin pan alley

first truly great black musician

 

Term

Tin pan alley

Definition
NY music publishig area, sold music and equipment
Term

big 3

Definition

scott joplin- started it all

james scott- 2nd in command

joseph lamp-

 

all three wrote 60-70% of ragtime

Term
Boogy Woogy
Definition

blue collar style piano, blues, comes from west, music of illeterate, survived as early rock n roll, dance music/party music, busy 8/8, or 8/4 music

ostanato bass- walking bass or moving cords in ostenato

Term
Ostanato base
Definition

busy

reacurring maladic figure (casE) identifying part of music,

2 ways to play- walking base (one note after another), moving chords (thicker sound)

Term
Pine Topson
Definition
west, very emotional style, 1st to record
Term
albert amens
Definition
top recorder of boogy woogy craze
Term
early recorders of boogy woogy
Definition

pine top smith-1st

albert amons

pete johnson

meade lux lweis

Term
Dixiland
Definition

1st style of jazz, term from south called jazz after 1917, traditional dixiland before 1917

after 1917 chicago jazz, marches came from collected improc

polyphonic , burbon street black

story ville

Term
storyville
Definition

38 block area of negative things of society

"the district" 1896

syndey story tried to clean up city

buddy bolun and lousin armstrong came out of here

navy closed it in 1917

Term
1917
Definition

mass migration north because story ville closed, river only way to get out of N.O (stockyards gave jobs away easy)

original diziland jazz band bade instrumental recording

(band went to europe 1919)

Term
1921/1922
Definition
kid ory band- 1st black band to record
Term
jelly roll mortin
Definition
1st to write down, thought he invented jazz
Term
stride piano
Definition

everything that wasnt ragtime or boogy woogy

grew out of ragtime but looser and more improv

james P. johnson (father of harmlem stride style), fats waller, art tatum, oscar peterson, uv blake, earl paka hins (hands)

Term
1919
Definition
proabition started, outlawed consumption/sales of alcholol (bolstead act) roaring 20s. which why chicago was crime capital of world
Term
1920's
Definition

juke box invented

austin high gang- 1st white band to record music, played more for parties (2/4 march tempo)

highly trained N white combined with soulful blacks of S. guitars instead or banjos, drum kit invented, music written out better, emphasis on soloists (lousin armstrong)

Term
Louis Armstrong
Definition

1st to organize improvised solo

record scatt singing

"pops" or "scatchme" or "Sachel"

came out of storyville

Y- embassador for jazz music, 1st face put with jazz music

Term
1927
Definition
jazz age over, crime family finally broke
Term
1929
Definition
stockmarket crash, people moved to NY, came most romantic era of jazz, big band era, big dance craze
Term
big band
Definition

harmonic improv, homophonic most important person in big band = arranger

most popular era of jazz, most danceable

organized = all kinds of dancing

Term
1933/34
Definition

bolstead act repealed in 1933

swing era launched by benny goodman (w. clarinet) had two blacks play with him

Glen miller- in the mood

jimmy dorsey

white- more commercial and pop

flat 4 time

 

Term
NY sound
Definition

Fletch Henderson

duke elington- piano player, rote over 2-3 thousand tunes and arranged many more

 

Term
KC swing sound
Definition

black head arrangement/riff arrangement-made up

blues type sound, didnt read well

not as neat and clean

benny molton

count bassey- piano player, territorial bands, together over 50 years, perfect wing band ever, most relaxed and perfect style, illeterate musicians sound innovator- 1st one to use trumpet mutes etc. (grovel style trumpets)

used classical instruments in jazz, specialty wrote music for individuals, human voice instrument (not words)

Term
Cotton Club
Definition

Duke ellington

Harmlem NY ollie matson

jumbo shows- best black talent played there "after hours" No blacks were allowed through fron door, even though all blacks worked there, for whites, illiterate musicians

Term
stride piano players
Definition
benny molton and count bassey in same band for some time
Term

Don Redman

Definition

1st great arranger for big band

 

Term
Paul Whiteman
Definition

king of Jazz- white

tennor sax was the main instrument in swing era

Term
Tennor Sax
Definition

Colman Hawkins

lester young

ben webster

Term
New york
Definition

White- 52nd street in Manhatten "the Street"

Harlem- black after hours

end of 30's era went away

Term
why did the big band swing era go away
Definition

because war, war tax, recording bann

musicians thought it was about time- sick of playing dance music

Term
Duke Elington
Definition

Greatest Jazz composer ever

composed 2000+ songs, arranged 5000

piano playing

main gig was cotton club (after hours- 1st band played 2am until 6)

manipulated instruments- 1st sound innovator, groveel style trumpets, double bassed drums

wrote opera and ballet also

Term
Count Bassey Band
Definition

Stride piano

NY

"band that blayed the blues" (12 bar)

head arrangements bands

best of all swing bands

more relaxed than NY

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