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Jazz-Mirror of American Society
Test 1
84
Music
Undergraduate 1
09/12/2009

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Cards

Term
What are the guidelines for blues poetry?
Definition

-12 bar for

-3 phrases sung

- 1st phrase repeated twice and third phrase.

-Called AAB form

Term
Where and why was Jazz created?
Definition
It was created out of the social conditions that were present in Southern US. It was a combination of african oral traditions and western traditional music
Term

What is an improvised solo?

Definition
The highest form of individual expression where the band drops out and the soloist improvises. they must be well trained and have a good ear1
Term
What is a "lay out?"
Definition
When the member of a band drop out or play a supportive roll to a improvising soloist.
Term
What are the main instruments  used in jazz bands?
Definition
Piano, Upright bass, Drum set, Sop. Sax, alto sax, tenor sax, and baritone sax, trombone flute, clarinet, trumpet cornet, flugal horn 
Term
What is the form of jazz music?
Definition
head- 1st solo- 2nd solo- head
Term
What is a riff?
Definition
A short melodic phrase  or melody. usually repeated throughout the peice
Term
What are the functions of African Music?
Definition

-To celebrate the loss of a first tooth

-To celebrate passage into adulthood

-To shame bed wetters and theives

-To tell historical events

-To disimeate imformation

Term
What is an African Work song?
Definition

Songs sung while

-building boats

-cooking dinner

-hunting

-cleaning the home

Term
What is a griot?
Definition

Highly skilled performers, singers and parade leaders. 

-they are also in charge of maintaning oral history of the community

Term
What is a ring shout?
Definition
It is a type of song and dance where people get in a circle in run counter clockwise in ever increasing speed until they reach a state of hysteria. Music and dance used to be considered one thing.
Term
What is the pentatonic scale?
Definition
5 note scale. do re mi fa so la- commonly used in african folk music
Term
What is call and response?
Definition
when the lead singer issues a call and the participants provide the response
Term
What is improvisation most known in?
Definition
vocal performances
Term
What are the four major types of African instruments?
Definition

Drums with vibrating membranes

Drums without vibrating membranes

Stringed instruments

Wind intruments

Term
What are the main characteristics of African Music?
Definition

Heavy emphasis on complex rhythm

melodies relying on the pentatonic scale

Importance of improvisation

close relationship btw music and speech

Term

What is minstrelsy or minstrel shows?

Definition
Short skits and acts to entertain an audience. 
Term
What is a cakewalk?
Definition
usually 2 slaves who perform high kicks together to immitate the white folk. the winners won a cake.
Term
What are Ethiopean songs?
Definition
A genre of songs created by the cakewalk competition. they are folk songs like o suzzanna 
Term
Who is Stephen Foster?
Definition
a composer of Ethopian songs who wrong oh susanna and old folks at home
Term
What is vaudeville?
Definition
a touring shot with skits and performances the generally depicted slave life
Term
What are the Blues?
Definition
a form of jazz that people used to express their emotions and moods. It is usually sad or soulful. Many of the styles are still used
Term
What are the three elements that determine a blues piece?
Definition

-12 bar form 

- blues scale

-blues poetic formula

Term
What is the Diatonic scale?
Definition
the notes from a specific scale or key and the harmony derived from those notes. This is the I IV and V chords
Term
What is the Blues scale and blues notes?
Definition
A six note scale. with certain scale degrees raised and lowered. the lowered notes are the blues notes. 
Term
What are the characteristics of the Country Blues?
Definition

They are also called the rural blues

solo male vocalist

guitar self accompaniment

loosely fit to 12 bar scheme. 

became important when men lost their jobs after reconstruction and moves alot and did not have work

Term
Who is W.C Handy?
Definition

"Father of the Blues" 

He wrote songs and made the first blues on written sheet music in 1910 before the classic blues era. wrote "memphis blues" and "St.Louis Blues"

Term
What is the Mississippi Delta?
Definition
The most fertile area of development for the country blues. sliding guitar and haunting vocals. 
Term
Who was Charley Patton?
Definition
the first delta bluesman to achieve fame. began in chicago with paramount records in 1929. He was a talented guitarist .
Term
Who was Son House?
Definition
He was a preacher by 15 and then started guitar at 25. strong influence on Muddy Water and Robert Johnson Went into retirement in 1934 when his friend charley patton died but came in 1964 as a famous delta blues artist. 
Term
Who is Robert Johnson?
Definition
He is the most famous and legendary Delta blues artist.  Contemporary rock artists copy him. He was so good that people said he sold his soul to the devil to become a good guitarist. 
Term
Who is Leadbelly?
Definition
Huddie Ledbetter. he performed with Blind Lemon Jefferson. split- had a troublesome life. arrested twice for murder- was released with the help of John Lomax. moved to new york. Two years after he died a group called The Weavers became famous off his song goodnight irene.  
Term
Who is John Lomax?
Definition
Important musicologist who helped leadbelly get out of jail. 
Term
What is a jug band?
Definition
String instrument bands that play music and stomp
Term
What is a pianola?
Definition
A piano player- a piano tht plays itself
Term
Who is Blind Lemon Jefferson?
Definition
Played with leadbelly but split. headed to delta and gained fame and moved to chicago from there. Made some of the first blues recording and died in a snowstorm
Term

What is the Missouri School?

 

Definition

A group of men ragtime artists who got together and put on shows and competed in competitions

 

Term
Ragtime form?
Definition

AABBACCDD

took on more european theme. written down. Instrumental music only

Term
Who is Scott Joplin?
Definition
Ragtime composer. He was talented enough to leave home as teenager. He wrote opera's as well as rag time. His opera Treemonisha he published himself and after is failed he went into mental and financial decline. He died later of dementia
Term
What Was Scott Joplin's warning to ragtime players?
Definition
Do not play this piece fast. It is never right to play ragtime fast. 
Term
What is Treemonisha?
Definition
Scott Joplin's major opera. He published it with his money. but when it failed he went into financial and mental decline and died of dementia. Later in 1976 he was given the Pulitzer prize and his opera was performed where he originally planned it
Term
What is Congo square?
Definition
Starting in 1817 slaves were permited to sing and dance in Congo square. It became a touring attraction.
Term
What are the two most important musical events in New orleans?
Definition
Funerals and Brass bands
Term
Describe New orleans Brass bands
Definition
After the civil war the brass instruments used by the confederate army filled pawn shops in the south. bands formed and were used in celebrations all the time. They were proud and collected dues and had a place to belong
Term
What is a dirge?
Definition
A slow hymn used in funerals. it has a marching beat and is used when carrying the body to the burial plot
Term
What is a second line?
Definition
In a New Orleans funeral- the followers of the band playing the dirge. They follow them to their grave drinking and celebrating the life of the diseased.
Term
What does the ethnic mix in New orleans consist of?
Definition

Whites of European discent

Creoles of color (mixed)

African Americans

Term
What are Creoles of color?
Definition
black creoles. considered the same social level as whites. many were racist against blacks. they spoke french. 
Term
Describe Creoles music style
Definition
Classically trained in scales and arpeggios and music reading. it was a light and pure style of playing and could be used in upper class parties and symphonies. etc
Term
Characteristics of African American Jazz in New Orleans
Definition
Could not read music. Music was hotter or more upbeat and extremely loud. They were proud of their abilities and how they perserved african american culture. and playing loud. 
Term
What is Legislative code No. 111?
Definition
A law saying that anyone with even the slightest bit of black heritage was considered black. It devasted the Creoles who were now kept with blacks that they were racist against. Eventually the next generation learned how to live together and learn from each other and in a sense led to the birth of jazz
Term
What is Storyville?
Definition
A place where prostitution was legalized and musicians worked in brothels. the piano players were called profesors. 
Term
What is the Funky Butt hall?
Definition
It was the hall in Storyville where Buddy Bolden's band played
Term
What is the birthdate of Jazz?
Definition
1895
Term
What are the four main styles of jazz?
Definition

-Ragtime

- Blues

- Spirituals

- European songs and classical music

Term
Who is Buddy Bolden?
Definition
He was a famous musician who is known only by word and there are no records of him. but he was the loudest trumpet player. people say you could hear him from miles away
Term

Who is Joe "King" Oliver?

 

Definition
The mentor of Louis Armstrong. Moved and got a gig in chicago and had Lous join him. 
Term
Jelly Roll Morton
Definition
Father of the jazz piano. claims to have invented jazz. worked at a brothel but got kicked out when his parents found out
Term
Who is Sidney Bechet?
Definition

child prodegy on clarinet.  got into trouble alot. toured europe. became the first important jazz soprano

saxaphonest

Term

What is a stride piano?

 

Definition

fast energectic and technically challenging.

left hand feature

swing rythm.

blues element. 

Term
What is Boogie Woogie?
Definition

It is also called Rolling bass

left hand repeats patterns and the right hand improvs.  more rhythmic less structured

Term
What is the Original Dixie Jass Band?
Definition
all whites. went to chicago to gain fame. sang livery stable blues. it was the first jazz recording. 
Term
What is the Black Belt?
Definition
A place where the new immigrants that moved to chicago stayed. night life flourished and it was a great place to work as a jazz musician. 
Term
What is a Black and Tan?
Definition
a mixer for black and white people to mingle and drink and dance
Term
King Oliver's Creole Jazz band?
Definition
made some of the first most important jazz recording. 
Term
Who is Bix Beiderbecke?
Definition
One of the most important white jazz players. the spiritual leader of the white chicago scene. got sent to school by parents. dropped out and entered the music world. in  CHICAGO
Term
Frank "Tram" Trumbauer
Definition
Bix's saxaphonest. he took care of bix. and was his musical soulmate. he place the C-melody sax
Term
Mammie Smith
Definition
Helped marketers see the demand for anfrican american entertainment and consumers. amazing jazz singer who sang "crazy Blues"
Term
What cause the demise of the chicago jazz scene?
Definition
New York was becoming the center of everything and had jobs to offer to people. 
Term
What is the Valentines Day Massacre?
Definition
gang wars that solidified the support of public to crack down on crime.
Term
What was the final blow to Chicago jazz?
Definition
Repealing the 18th amendment
Term
Who sang "crazy blues?"
Definition
Mammie Smith- sold 1 million copies. 
Term
Ma Rainey?
Definition
mother of blues
Term
Who performed Someday My Prince Will Come?
Definition
Miles Davis Sextet
Term
Who performed Crossroad blues?
Definition
Robert Johnson
Term
Who performed Maple Leaf Rag?
Definition
Scott Joplin
Term
Who performed Tiger Rag?
Definition
Art Tatum-
Term
Who performed Livery Stable Blues
Definition
 Original Dixieland Jass Band
Term
Who performed The Dippermouth Blues?
Definition
King Oliver Creole Jazz band
Term
whos it Earl Fatha Hines?
Definition
Louis Armstrongs pianist and competition for most famous jazz composer of his time
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