Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Jazz Exam 2
Test on 10/12/11
25
Music
Undergraduate 4
10/09/2011

Additional Music Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1930's Jazz
Definition
  • Transition from small Dixie land groups to large 16-17 piece groups
  • Jazz becoming more popular
  • Bands making more money through radio/albums
Term
People: Fletcher Henderson
Definition
  • Famous pianist/arranger
  • Expanded instrumentation/orchestration of Dixie Land Jazz for bigger groups
  • Created arrangement pattern for swing
  • Lead premier dance group in jazz w/ Louis Armstrong, Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young
Term
Fletcher Henderson: Big Band Instrumentation
Definition
  • 5 Saxophones
  • 4 Trumpets
  • 4 Trombones
  • Rhythm - Stand up bass, piano, drums, guitar
Term
People: Benny Goodman
Definition
  • White trumpet player 
  • His x-country tour made hot jazz popular
  • Advocate of integration in Jazz
Term
People: Chick Webb
Definition
  • Black band leader - phenomenal drummer
  • Invents the modern drum set
  • First drummer to take solos
Term
People: Glenn Miller
Definition
  • Trombone player/arranger - CU Alum!
  • Precise arangement and ensemble
  • Enlists in military - creates service band
  • Dies in friendly fire incident
Term
Style: Kansas City Jazz
Definition
  • Riff-based/ "head" arrangements - Jam style
  • Relaxed swing feel
  • Greater focus on solists
Term
People/Style: Count Basie
Definition
  • Famous pianist
  • "less is more" in orchestrations - relaxed, rhythmic feel 
  • Riff based - head arrangements
  • Blues based style 
Term
People/Style: Billie Holliday
Definition
  • Nicknamed "Lady Day"
  • No formal training - learned from listening to Louis Armstrong/Bessie Smith
  • Didn't scat
  • Limited range
  • Skill w/ emotional content of songs
Term
People/Style: Ella Fitzgerald
Definition
  • "The first lady of song" - takes over Chick Webb's band
  • Wide vocal range
  • One of the GREAT scat singers
Term
People/Style: Coleman Hawkins
Definition
  • "Hawk" or "Bean" - Tenor Saxophone player
  • Influenced by Louis Armstrong 
  • Big sound, wide vibrato
  • Improvisation = vertical, lots of arpeggios
  • First star of the tenor sax
Term
Definition: Arpeggios
Definition
  • Playing individual notes in a chord 
Term
People/Style: Lester Young
Definition
  • "Pres" - smooth, relaxed/bluesy, light sound
  • Not rhythmically precise - floated over beat
  • Horizontal improv - few arpeggios
  • Long, smooth phrases
Term
Factors: Swing to Bebop Transition (3)
Definition
  • WW II draft/economics made big bands hard
  • American Federation of Musicians recording strike - wanted radio royalties
  • Poupularity of other music (R&B)
Term
Places: 52nd Street
Definition
  • Street in NYC w/ many music clubs
  • Swing musicians hang out, play jam sessions
Term
Characteristics: Bebop
Definition
  • "Modern Jazz" - Intellectual music
  • Complex harmonies/rhythms - "Music for musicians"
  • Solo-based
  • Played in clubs instead of dance halls
Term
Bebop: Social Component
Definition
  • Rejection of mainstream music
  • Rise in black consciousness 
Term
Definition: "Head, Solo, Head" arrangement
Definition
  • Head = melody
  • Solo = plays over the structure of the song
Term
People/Style: Kenny Clarke
Definition
  • Pioneer of bebop drumming
  • Drums no longer melodically stagnant --> now have a melodic purpose 
Term
People/Style: Dizzy Gillespie
Definition
  • Teacher of bebop - exceptional trumpet player
  • Understaning of harmony/rhythm - used unique rhythms
  • Command of upper register
  • Used "chromaticism"
Term
People/Style: Charlie Parker
Definition
  • Famous Saxophonist - "Bird" 
  • Incredible facility and rhythmic innovations
  • Suffered from drug use - Died at 33
Term
People/Style: Thelonious Monk
Definition
  • Mainly self-taught pianist 
  • His compositions became standard
  • Eccentric - got up to dance during music
  • Difficult to communicate with - speculation over whether he suffered from clinical diseases
Term
Band Members: "All American Rhythm Section"
Definition
  • Count Basie - Piano
  • Walter Page - Bass
  • Jo Jones - Drums
  • Freddie Green - Guitar 
Term
Ella Fitzgerald: "Great American Songbook"
Definition
  • Interpretation of Tin Pan Alley songs makes her famous 
Term
Term: "Cutting Contests"
Definition
  • Jam Sessions
  • Long solos - try to out-do each other
  • Fast tempo, strange keys
  • Motivated players to practice and raise the bar
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