Term
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Definition
| Myalgia: muscle pain and cramping or aching. Associated with viral illness, |
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Term
| subjective musculoskeletal data |
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Definition
1. Joints:
-pain
-stiffness
-swelling heat, redness
-limitation of movement
2. Muscles:
-pain (cramps)
-weakness
3. Bones:
-pain
-deformity
-trauma (fractures, sprains, dislocations)
4. functional assessment
5.self-care behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| crepitation- is an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement. it occurs when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughened as with RA |
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Term
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Definition
grade
5: full ROM against gravity, full resistance-100% normal
4: full ROM against gravity, some resistance 75% good
3: full ROM with gravity- 50% fair
2: full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion)-25% poor
1: slight contraction- 10% trace
0: no contraction- 0% zero |
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Term
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Definition
| active (voluntary) ROM: ask for voluntary movement while stabilizing the body area proximal to that being moved |
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Term
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Definition
| passive motion- if you see a person with limitation, gently attempt passive motion with the persons muscles relaxed and with you moving the body part. anchor the joint with one hand while you other hand slowly moves it to its limit |
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Term
| functional assessments for ADLs |
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Definition
instruct person to 1. walk
2. climb stairs
3. walk down stairs
4. pick up object from floor
5. rise up from sitting in a chair
6. rise up from lying in a bed |
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Term
| ADLs: walking adaptations |
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Definition
walking adaptations for aging changes:
shuffling pattern;swaying; arms out to help balance; broader base of support; person may watch feet |
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Term
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Definition
adaptations for aging changes: climbing stairs
person holds hand rail; may haul body up with it; may lead with favored (stronger) leg |
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Term
| ADLs: walking down stairs |
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Definition
Adaptations for aging changes: walking down stairs:
holds hand rails; sometimes with both hands. if teh person is weak, he or she may descend sideways, lowering the weaker leg first. if the person is unsteady he or she may watch the feet. |
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Term
| ADLs: pick up object from the floor |
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Definition
adaptations for aging changes: picking up object from floor
person often bends at waits instead of bending knees; hold furniture to support while bending and straightening |
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Term
| ADLs: rise up from sitting in chair |
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Definition
adaptation for aging changes: rise up from sitting in chair
person uses arms to push off chair, upper trunk leans forward before body straightens, feet planted wide in broad base of support |
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Term
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Definition
adaptation for aging changes: rise up from bed
may roll to one side, push with arms to lift up torso, grab bedside table to increase leverage |
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Term
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Definition
| RA- chronic, systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue. inflammation of synovial membrane leads to thickening; then to fibrosis, which limits motion, and finally bony ankylosis. the disorder is symmetric and bilateral and i characterized by heat, redness, swelling and painful motion of the affected joints.. RA is associated with fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, low grade fever and lymphadenopathy. |
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Term
| osteoarthritis ( degenerative joint disease) |
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Definition
Osteoarthritis- noninflammatory, localized, progressive disorder involving deterioration of articular cartilages and subchondrial bone and formation of new bone (osteophytes) at joint surface.
-characterized by hard, nontender nodules, 2-3 mm or mote. osteophytes ( bony overgrowths)
aging increases incidence; nearly all adults older than 60 years have some radiographic signs of osteosarthritis. asymmetric joint involvement commonly affects hands, knees, hips, and lumbar and cervical segments of the spine. affected joints have stiffness, swelling with hard bony protuberances, pain with motion and limitation of moon |
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Term
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Definition
| osteoporosis- decease in skeletal bone mass occuring when the rate of bone absorption is greater than that of bone formation. the weakened bone state increases risk fo stress fractures especially at wrist, hip and vertebra. occurs primarily in postmenopausal white women. osteoporosis risk also associated with small height and weight, younger age at menopause, lack of physical activity, and lack of estrogen in women. |
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Term
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Definition
| carpal tunnels syndrom- atrophy occurs from interference with mototr function from compression of the medial nerve inside the carpal tunnerl. caused by chronic reppetitive motion; occurs beween 30 and 60 years of age and is five times more common in women than in men. symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrom include pain, burning and numbness, and atrophy of thenar muscles |
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Term
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Definition
scoliosis- lateral curvature of thoracic and lumbar segments of the spine, usually with some rotation of invovled vertebral bodies. functional scoliosis is flexible; it is apparent with standing and disappears with forward begging. ti may be compensatory for other abnormalities like leg length discrepancy
structural scoliosis is fixed: the curvature show both on standing and on bending forward. note the rib hump with forward flexion. when the person is standing, note unequal shoulder elevation, unequal scale, obvious curvature and unequal hip level. at greatest risk are females 10 years of age through adolescence, during the peak of the growth spurt |
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Term
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Definition
| ataxia- inability to perform coordinated movements |
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Term
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Definition
| crepitus- dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of ends of damaged bone |
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Term
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Definition
| ganglion- round cystic, non-tender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule usually on dorsum of the wrist |
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Term
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Definition
| kyphosis- outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback |
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Term
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Definition
| lordosis- inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine |
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Term
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Definition
| sciatic- nerve pain along the course of teh sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the foot |
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Term
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Definition
| fasciculation- rapid continuous twitching of resting muscle without movement of limb |
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Term
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Definition
| flaccidity- loss of muscle tone, limp |
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Term
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Definition
| spasticity- continuous resistance to stretching by a muscle due to abnormally increased tension, with increased DTR |
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Term
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Definition
| tic- repetitive twitching o a muscle group at inappropriate times |
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Term
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Definition
| tremor- involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups resulting in rhythmic movement of one or more joints |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| seven P's of compartment syndrome |
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Definition
•Pain
•Parathesia
•Paralysis
•Pallor
•Puffiness (edema)
•Pulselessness
•Polar |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain abduction, avoid rotation, hip flexion 90 degrees or greater |
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