Term
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Definition
| Surrounds the nipple for. 1-2 cm radius. Has smooth muscle fibers that cause the nipple erection when stimulated. Both nipple and areola are more darkly pigmented than the rest of the breast surface, color varies with skin color and parity |
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Term
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Definition
| Montgomery glands- small elevated sebaceous glands, these secrete a protective lipid material during lactation. |
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Term
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Definition
Gynocomastia:benign growth of male breast tissue dostonguishable from other tissues in chest wall. Occurs when. Occurs when perpheral tissue converts androgen hormones to estrogen. Feels smooth, firm and discoid. Occurs normally during puberty or in aging male due to testosterone deficiency, with anabolic steroid use or disease states
- at puberty mild and transient
-older men bilateral, tender,firm but not as hard as breast cancer.
- occurs wit obesity, cushings syndrome, liver cirrhosis, adrenal disease, hyperthyroidism, drugs, alcohol and marijuana, estrogen treatment for prostate cancer, antibiotics, digoxin,ACE inhibitors, psychoactive drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Peau d'orange: edema exaggerates the hair follicles, giving a pigskin or orange peek look.
Lymphatic obstruction produces edema. This thickens skin and exaggerates the hair follicle. This condition suggest cancer. Edema usually begins in the skin beneath the Areola, most dependent area of the breast. Also note nipple infiltration here |
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Term
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Definition
| Retraction: Looks flatter and broader, like an underlying crater. A resent retraction suggest cancer, which causes fibrosis of the whole system and pulls in the nipple. It also may occur with benign lesions such as ectasia of the ducts. Do not confuse reattraction within normal long-standing type nipple inversion, which has no broadening and is not fixed |
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Term
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Definition
Benign breast disease: Multiple tender masses.
-Swelling and tenderness (cyclical discomfort)
-Mastalgia (severe pain both cyclic and non cyclic)
-nodularity (significant lumpiness cyclical and non cyclic)
-dominant lumps (including cysts and fibroadenomas)
-nipple discharge ( including intraductal papilloma and duct ectasia
- infections and inflammations (including sub a replant abscess, lactation all mastitis, breat abscess, and mondores disease
-50% of women have it.
-Nodularity occurs bilaterally, regular, firm nodules that are mobile, well demarcated, and feel rubbery, like small water balloons.
-pain maybe dull, heavy and cyclic or just before menses as nodules enlarge. Some women have nodularity but no pain, and vice versa. Cysts are discrete fluid filled sacs. Dominant lumps and nipple discharge must be investigated carefully and may need biopsy to rule out cancer. I nodularity itself is not premalignant but produces difficulty in detecting other cancers lumps |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibroadenoma: benign tumor in late adolescence. Solitary non tender mass that is solid, firm, rubbery and elastic. Round ,oval or lobulated; 1-5 cm. freely movable, slippery, fingers slide it easily through tissue. Usually no ancillary lymphadenopathy. Diagnoses by triple test ( palpating, ultrasound, and needle biopsy), wit rapid growing may need surgical excision |
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Term
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Definition
| Mastitis: uncommon inflammatory mass before abscess forms. Usually in a single quadrant. Area is red, swollen, tender, very hot, and hard. Woman may have headache, malaise, fever, chills,and sweating, increased pulse, fly-like symptoms. May occur during first 4 months of lactation from infection or from stasis from plugged duct. Treat with rest, local heat to area, antibiotics, and frequent nursing to keep breast as empty as possible. Usually resolves in 2-3 days |
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Term
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Definition
central axillary nodes- high up in axilla
pectoral- anterior
suprascapular- posterior
lateral- along the humerus inside the upper arm |
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Term
subjective data
breast
axilla |
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Definition
breast:
1. pain
2. lump
3. discharge
4. rash
5. swelling
6. trauma
7. history of breast disease
8. surgery
9. self-care behaviors (BSE, Mammogram)
axilla:
tenderness lump or swelling
rash |
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Term
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Definition
retraction- ask pt to put arms over head. retractions signs are due to fibrosis in the breast tissue usual; caused by growing neoplasms. fibrosis shortens with time, causing contrasting signs with the normally loose breast tissue. note a lag in movement
next have her push her hands on her hips or palms together- note any dimpling or pucker
have her lean forward so breasts hang- note fixation to chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
use pads of first three finger and make a single gently rotary motion on breast. vary you r pressure so you are palpating light, medium and deep tissue in each location. the vertical strip pattern is recommended as best way to detect breast mass.
for vertical strip pattern start high in axilla and palpate down just lateral to the breast tissue. proceed in overlapping vertical lines ending at the sternal edge. palpate every square inch and examine tail of spence high into axilla. be consistent and thorough
for large pendulus breasts use bimanual technique with her leaning forward |
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Term
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Definition
1. location- clock face
2. size- in cm width x length x thickness
3. shape- oval rounded lobulated or indistinct
4. consistency- soft firm or hard
5. movable- movable or fixed
6. distinctness- solitary or multiple
7. nipple- displaced or retracted
8. note skin over lump- erythmatous, dimpled or retracted
9. tenderness
10. lymphadenopathy-any regional lymph nodes palpable |
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