Term
| What are the JOPPA Steps in order? |
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Definition
1) Initiation
2) Mission Analysis
3) COA Development
4) COA Analysis & Wargaming
5) COA Comparison
6) COA Approval
7) Plan or Order Development |
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Term
| Who starts the initiation phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. The JFC provides guidance in the Mission analysis phase |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ is a source of power |
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Definition
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Term
| What's included in a msn statement |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two parts included in a msn statement |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ owns apportionment. The ____ provides a recommendation and the amount is expressed in priority or percentage. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ owns allocation and it is expressed in sorties. |
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Definition
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Term
| A COA statement includes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A COA is made together with a _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| In the ____ phase, we will determine strengths, weaknesses, advantages, disadvantages and possible branches |
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Definition
| COA analysis and wargaming |
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Term
| What does the JFACC do in the COA approval phase? |
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Definition
| JFACC approves one COA and brings it to the JFC. The JFC decides |
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Term
| What is the first step in JOPPA? (IP-311) |
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Definition
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Term
| Who normally provides direction to initiate the planning process? (IP-311) |
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Definition
| JFC or a forward leaning JFACC |
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Term
| Summarize the information analyzed during Initiation. (IP-311) |
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Definition
Analyze initiation order
Status of intelligence
Time available and assess timeline
Other factors effecting planning (i.e. limited ramp space in Haiti)
Political and JFC guidance
Standup or augment a Strat team or planning |
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Term
| What is the second step in JOPPA? (IP-321) |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe political, military, economic, social, information and infrastructure (PMESII) data relevant to developing the JAOP. (IP-321) |
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Definition
| **See page #8 of the JOPPA Handbook** |
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Term
| Describe ethnocentrism and mirror-imaging. (IP-321) |
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Definition
Ethnocentrism: thinking one’s own group’s way is superior to others
Mirror-imaging: He projects like me, acts as other states or enemy behavior does not change in time. |
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Term
| Name the two primary products of the mission analysis step of the JOPPA. (IP-322) |
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Definition
Mission Statement
Intent Statement |
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Term
| What is the definition for of a ‘specified task’? (IP-322) |
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Definition
| Specified tasks are those tasks specifically assigned to the JFACC verbally or in writing by the JFC. |
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Term
| Describe facts, assumptions and operational limitations. (IP-322) |
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Definition
Fact: things we know (relevant, RFI for lacking info)
Assumptions: suppositions (educated guess and should be valid and necessary)
Operational limitation: two types restraints and constraints, things you can and cannot do. |
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Term
| Describe the three types of JFACC tasks. (IP-322) |
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Definition
| Specified, implied, and essential. |
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Term
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Definition
| a task specifically assigned to the JFACC by the JFC (verbally or in writing) |
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Term
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Definition
| a task that mission analysis reveals the JFACC must perform (or prepare to perform), but which are not stated in the JFC’s order. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a specified or implied task that the JFACC must accomplish in order to succeed at the mission; simply stated, the essential tasks are the short list of tasks which the JFC requires the JFACC to successfully accomplish. |
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Term
| Where can you find “specified tasks”? (IP-322) |
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Definition
| In the JFC OPLAN or OPORD, these are normally found in the Tasks to Subordinates paragraph. |
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Term
| What is the definition of a ‘mission statement’? (IP-322) |
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Definition
| The JFACC mission statement should articulate or summarize the essential tasks and include who, what, when, where, and why. |
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Term
| Describe the five key elements that must be included in every mission statement. WHO- WHAT- WHEN- WHERE- WHY- |
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Definition
| WHO- JFACC WHAT- essential tasks WHEN- timing (when directed, on order, etc) WHERE- location WHY- the reason or higher purpose for essential tasks |
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Term
| What are the two key elements that every ‘intent’ statement should include? (IP-322) |
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Definition
| Intent should include end state and purpose; it may also include risk |
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Term
| What is the definition of Center of Gravity (COG)? (IP-324) |
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Definition
The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action or will to act.
“the hub of all power and movement, on which everything depends.” |
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Term
| What are the rings in the strategic ring model for COG analysis? (From in to out) |
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Definition
| Leadership, processes, infrastructure, population, fielded forces |
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Term
| What are the components of the CG-CC-CR-CV (aka Honda) model? |
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Definition
| Center of Gravity, Critical capabilities, critical requirments, critical vulnerabilities |
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Term
| In the honda model the COG is ______ |
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Definition
| a primary source of moral or physical strength, power and resistance. |
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Term
| In the honda model the CC (critical capabilites) are: |
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Definition
| means considered as crucial enablers for a COG to function as such, and are essential to the accomplishment of the adversary’s assumed objectives(s) |
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Term
| In the honda model the CV (critical vulnerabilities) are: |
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Definition
| Elements that are deficient or vulnerable to direct or indirect attack in a manner achieving decisive or significant results. |
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Term
| What is the third step in JOPPA? (IP-331) |
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Definition
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Term
| Define strategy. (IP-331) |
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Definition
| A prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power (DIME) in a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater, national, and/or multinational objectives |
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Term
| What is the definition of an air COA? (IP-331) |
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Definition
| An air COA is the concept (strategy) for a plan the JFACC could use to accomplish his/her mission. |
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Term
| T/F. When compared to other COAs, a COA has to differ in ends, ways and/or means |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the six basic questions that a complete air COA should answer? (IP-331) |
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Definition
| Who, What, Where, When, Why, AND How |
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Term
| What are the general ways in which air COAs may vary? (IP-331) |
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Definition
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Term
| List and explain the five criteria for a COA to be considered “valid.” (IP-331) |
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Definition
| Adequate, Feasible, Acceptable, Distinguishable, & Complete (add pic) |
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Term
| If, at any time, a COA fails the validity check, it needs to be… (IP-332) |
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Definition
| …corrected or discarded (“Fix it or flush it”). |
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Term
| Explain phasing. (IP-332) |
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Definition
| A way to view and conduct a complex operation in manageable parts |
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Term
| Describe operational phase objectives. (IP-332) |
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Definition
| Objectives derived from the JFACC’s essential tasks, specified for that phase that must be achieved, in order to reach the end state of that phase. |
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Term
| Describe the process of refining objectives. (IP-333) |
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Definition
| Begins with the Operational Objectives and a determination of the Operational Effects (OEs) desired to achieve the Operational Objectives. Operational Effects are assessed through measures of effectiveness (MOEs). |
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Term
| Describe air apportionment. (IP-333) |
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Definition
| Air Apportionment is the determination and assignment of the total expected effort by percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a given period of time. JFC is final approval authority. (Higher Priority = Higher Weight of Effort, High/Med/Low, Apportionment by percentage is recommended). |
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Term
| Describe air allocation. (IP-333) |
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Definition
| Air allocation is the translation of the air apportionment decision into total numbers of sorties by aircraft type for each operation or task. JFACC is approval authority. |
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Term
| Describe the concept of risk. (IP-336) |
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Definition
| Probability and severity of loss linked to hazards (JP 5-0) |
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Term
| Describe combat support risk factors. (IP-336) |
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Definition
Time Phased Force Deployment Date (TPFDD)
Basing
Regional access
Logistic support
Airbase defense requirements
Reach-back operations
Just-in-time logistics considerations
Bandwidth
Host nation support
Communication networks
Force protection
(JP 3-30)
Time Phased Force Deployment Date (TPFDD)
Basing
Regional access
Logistic support
Airbase defense requirements
Reach-back operations
Just-in-time logistics considerations
Bandwidth
Host nation support
Communication networks
Force protection
(JP 3-30) |
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Term
| Describe operational risk factors. (IP-336 |
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Definition
JFC assumptions
Operational assumptions
Friendly fire
Collateral damage
Force protection
Information assurance
Multinational considerations
Command and control architecture |
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Term
| What is the fourth step in JOPPA? (IP-341) |
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Definition
| COA Analysis and Wargaming |
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Term
| Describe the purpose for conducting COA analysis and wargaming. (IP-341) |
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Definition
| Wargaming provides a means for the commander and participants to analyze a tentative COA, improve their understanding of the operational environment, and obtain insights that otherwise might not have occurred |
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Term
| Friendly COAs are wargamed at a minimum against…. (IP-341) |
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Definition
| … the most Likely/dangerous adversary COAs (or most difficult objectives in noncombat operations) identified through the JIPOE process. Each critical event within a proposed COA should be wargamed based upon time available using the action, reaction, counteraction method of friendly and/or opposition force interaction. |
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Term
| What are the methods associated with COA analysis and wargaming? |
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Definition
Detailed narrative “action, reaction and counteraction”
Sketch note technique
Computer assisted modeling and simulation |
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Term
| Explain why we need clear definitions of our evaluation criteria during wargaming? (IP-341) |
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Definition
| Clear definitions of evaluation criteria are needed to prevent the criteria from having different meanings to different planners. |
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Term
| Explain the “critical events” wargaming technique. (IP-341) |
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Definition
Identify the one or two events in each phase of greatest significance to the JFACC’s mission
The commonly used technique is to organize Blue and Red teams to discuss critical events for each friendly COA, with the Red Team addressing how the enemy might react in their (Red Team’s) view of the enemy most likely and most dangerous COAs. The wargame moderator, usually an O-6, guides the discussion of the Blue and Red teams, in turn, with a series of leading questions intended to solicit the Blue ‘action’ (in relation to a critical event), the Red ‘reaction’ to Blue’s action, and a Blue ‘counter-action. |
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Term
| During wargaming, the important data we should record includes: (IP-341) |
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Definition
The results recorded usually include, but need not be limited to, the following:
• The described Blue action, enemy reaction, and Blue counter-action.
• Timing issues or time required to achieve objectives.
• Additional resources or effort required and concept improvements.
• COA strengths and weaknesses, especially those related to the evaluation criteria.
• Branch and sequel plan requirements (for later development).
• JFACC decision points and CCIRs related to the JFACC’s operational decisions. |
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Term
| From a macro view, what is the most important product of our wargaming? (IP-341) |
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Definition
| COA Refinement! The strengths and weaknesses of each COA with respect to the evaluation criteria are an important result of COA Analysis (wargaming). |
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Term
| What is the fifth step in JOPPA? (IP-351) |
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Definition
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Term
| Briefly explain the weighted numerical comparison technique. (IP-351) |
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Definition
| Weights each criteria based on importance (not an objective method). The advantage is that you have a framework for discussion. We place greater importance on some evaluation criteria than on others. Therefore a decision matrix, similar to that in Figure 5-3b, weighted numerical comparison technique, below is most often used for COA comparison. |
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Term
| Briefly explain the plus/minus/neutral comparison. (IP-351) |
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Definition
| COA Comparison can also be accomplished using a Plus/ Minus/ Neutral examination of the evaluation criteria. Based on evaluation criteria that are positive, negative or neutral influenced. ( + / - / 0 ) . No weight factor involved. Base this comparison on the broad degree to which selected criteria support or are reflected in the COA. This is typically organized as a table showing (+) for a positive influence, (0) for a neutral influence, and (–) for a negative influence. |
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Term
| Briefly explain the descriptive comparison method (advantages/disadvantages). (IP-351) |
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Definition
You simply list and analyze all the advantages and disadvantages of the COAs in relation to the evaluation criteria. Then, based on your judgment, choose the COA where the advantages most decisively outweigh the disadvantages.
There is no pretense of objectivity because it’s just a way to get the issues in front of you so you can make as objective a judgment as possible, based on subjective criteria. Figure 5-4 provides an example of the advantages/ disadvantages method. |
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Term
| What is sixth step in JOPPA? (IP-361) |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of decisions can the JFACC make based on the COA Decision brief? (IP-361) |
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Definition
| Modify / Refine but needs JFC approval |
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Term
| What is the seventh step in JOPPA? (IP-372) |
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Definition
| Plan or Order Development |
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Term
| What are the five paragraphs of the JAOP? (IP-372) |
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Definition
SMEAC:
Situation
Mission
Execution
Administration & Logistics
Command & Control |
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Term
| List the key items contained in paragraph 3 of a JAOP: (IP-372) |
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Definition
Commanders intent: JFACC intent Includes end state and purpose.
Concept of Operations: objectives and operational employment concepts
Phase Plans: plans of operations for each phase of operation
Tasks: The priority effects and timing the JFACC needs from supporting Components Guidance to subordinates when appropriate
Coordinating Instructions: Consider commands JFACC will send LNOs/JACCEs Include JFACC CCIRs Include DIRLAUTH where appropriate |
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Term
| What is considered to be a useful starting point for completing major paragraphs and subparagraphs of the JAOP? (IP-372) |
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Definition
Review approved JFACC COA and JOPPA data.
The approved air COA provides the framework that will be expanded into the concept of operations of the base plan in the JAOP. |
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