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| facility where offenders such as pretrial releases and probation violators attend day long intervention and treatment sessions |
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| Community supervision technique, ordinarily combined with home confinement, that uses electronic devices to maintain surveillance on offenders. |
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| A facility with a podular architectural design and management policies that emphasizes interaction of inmates and staff and provisions services |
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| An alternative to adjudication in which the defendant agrees to conditions set by the prosecutors in exchange for withdrawal changes |
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| Pretrial release because the judge believes the defendant's ties in the community are sufficient to guarantee the defendant's appearance in court |
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| The return of a former correctional client to criminal behavior, as measured by new arrests or other problems with the law |
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| Descriptions in PSI's of the costs of the crime for the victim, including emotional and financial losses |
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| A model of justice that emphasizes reparation to the victim and the community approaching crime from a problem solving perspective, and citizen involvement in crime prevention |
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| The probationer's failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation, resulting in revocation of probation |
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| A physically rigorous, disciplined, and demanding regimen emphasizing conditioning, education, job training. Designed for young offenders |
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| A criminal penalty based on the amount of income an offender earns in a day's work |
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| Sentence whereby offenders serve terms of incarceration in their own homes |
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| Intensive Supervision Probation |
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| Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to probation officer with a limited case load |
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| Compensation for financial, physical, or emotional loss caused by an offender in the form of either payment of money to the victim or to a public fund for crime victims, as stipulated by the court |
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| A short period of incarceration followed by a sentence reduction |
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| A prison designed and organized to minimize the possibility of escapes and violence; to that end, it imposes strict limitations on the freedom of inmates and visitors |
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| A prison designed and organized to prevent escapes and violence, but in which restrictions on inmates and visitors are less rigid in max security facilities |
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| A prison designed and organized to permit inmates and visitor as much freedom as is consistent with the concept of incarceration |
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| An architectural design by which the functional units of a prison are individually housed in a complex of buildings surrounded by a fence |
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| An architectural design by which the functional units of a prison are housed in separate buildings constructed on 4 sides of an open square |
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| A model of correctional institutions that emphasizes security, discipline, and order |
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| A set of rules of conduct that reflects the values and norms of the prison social system and help define for inmates the image of the model prisoner |
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| The process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of prison society and learns to adapt to the environment |
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| Tactic for reducing prison violence by dividing facilities into small, self contained, semi autonomous 'institutions' |
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| Special Problems of detainees |
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| Mental Health Problems, Substance Dependency,Medical needs, Legal needs, Pretrial detainees rights |
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behavior is unpredictable and uncontrollable. Many spend time in prison because there are no mental hospitals to take them and they receive no treatment.
2/3 have mental problems, jails lack resources to treat and many are abused by other inmates, but many jails are screening for mental health problems |
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Nationally 1/2 of prison population was under the influence.
They have problems with withdrawals,lasting a week. High priority to identify addicts, few jails provide treatment. |
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| Range from minor to major injuries sustained during crime. 1/2 the nations jails don't screen for infectious diseases. Many lack medical insurance so they get what the jail provides. Most pressing issue is AIDS |
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Need access to legal assistance, need help securing release through bail or diversion. Many in jail till trial and suffer disadvantage in preparing defense.
Defense plans are only partially pursued because of heavy case loads. |
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| Pretrial Detainee's Rights |
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| They have not been convicted of the crimes for which they are being held. Innocent but being held under some of the worst conditions of incarceration |
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| An amount of money, specified by a judge, to be posted as a conditions for pretrial release to ensure the appearance of the accused in court |
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| An independent business person who provides bail money for a fee, usually 5-10% of the total |
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| (Most successful) Released solely on their promise to appear at trial. They have higher appearance rates and lower rearrest rates. Requires defendants to have ties with community only a small number can participate. |
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| Diversion is cheaper than criminal justice processing. For people with mental, emotional, alcohol problems social programs are more suitable than jails. Some people think they get off easy |
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| Conduct during Pretrial Release |
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People awaiting trial have incentive to behave will, if behave well its harder for judge to impose sentence.
78% show up for court date, 1 in 5 don't. |
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| People who fail to appear for a court date and have no legitimate reason. A warrant is put out for their arrest=fugitives. High rearrest lead to questioning if pretrial syst. works |
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| Detention of an accused person in jail, to protect the community from crimes the accused ins considered likely to commit if set free pending trial. |
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| The potential losses to victims to the justice syst. if offenders fail; stakes include injury from violent crimes and public pressure resulting from negative publicity. With intermediate sanctions programs are unwilling to accept offenders of serious crimes. B/c they do it again its damage to the community and corex. syst. |
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| Jurisdictions contract with private companies to furnish food and medical services, educational and vocational training. Governments hire corporations to house prisoners in private owned facilities. Can supposedly save tax payers money |
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| Prison is constructed in the form of a wheel with spokes radiating from central core |
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| Plan for prison, calling for a long central corridor crossed at regular intervals by structures containing the prison's functional areas. Most common for max. sec. prisons, people who will not reenter community. Cuts off inmates from world an seasonal variations. Central pole=continued surveillance |
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The functional units of a prison are individually housed in a compolex of buildings surrounded by a fence.
Juvenile and Women's facilities, more humane but less security |
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| Within prison they have limited resources, some inmates open stores consisting of stolen foods and drugs. Real money is prohibited so they often use cigarettes as currency. Like our market economy responds to the forces of supply and demand |
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| Adaptive Roles of Inmates |
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| Doing time, Gleaning, Jailing, Disorganized Criminal |
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| View prison term as brief, break in their criminal careers as a cost of doing business. Try to serve term with least amount of suffering and greatest amount of comfort. Live by the inmate code and avoid trouble, form friendships |
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| Try to take advantages of prison programs to better themselves and improve prospects for success after release. Use libraries, vocational training, schools. Some make radical conversion from life of crime |
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| People who cut themselves off from the outside and try to construct a new life withing prison. Often state raised youths who have spent time in institutional setting and identify little with free society. Seek positions of power in prison society and key figures in crime economy and politics |
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Inmates who cannot develop any of the other 3 roles. Sometimes low intelligence or physical disabilities.
"Human putty" to be manipulated by others. Also people who adjust poorly to prison life, develop emotional disorders, attempt suicide, violate prison rules. |
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| Victims tend to be: 1st time offenders, those convicted of a crime against a minor, physically weak. Prisoners who are viewed as effeminate, offenders who are not affiliated with a gang, those who are believed to be snitches. Assaults usually 1 victim 1 assailant, many don't report b/c they fear officials won't protect them or take it seriously |
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| Women As Forgotten Offenders |
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| Women commit fewer crimes than men, female criminality tends to be less serious than male criminality, Historically, women have tended more often than men to be excluded from justice syst. by lenient treatment. Women are small portion of corex. pop. Popular social attitude tends to put all females in a subservient position |
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| Women's Health and Medical Services |
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| Women usually have more serious health problems b/c of their socioeconomic status and limited access to medical care. Higher mental health problems and gynecological problems. Some women are pregnant, usually high risk pregnancies and require extra resources |
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| Problems for women upon Release |
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Most are Poor
Have lost custody of their children
Have serious health care needs
Have extensive substance abuse history
60-70% have nowhere to go and have to find a place to live |
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