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helps describe data by reducint it for easier interpretation a-12, b-9, c-18 |
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a collection of numbers 6,8,10 |
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group intervals, percentage, and cumulative frequency 0-10, 11-20 |
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helps make data more manageable |
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what is a typical score? -uses one number to characterize distribution |
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| describes how data or scores are dispersed across a distribution |
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| range, variance, standard deviation |
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| difference between maximum vallue and minimum value in a distribution |
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| statistical average of the amount of dispersion in a distribution of scores...how they vary from the mean |
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| difference between an individual score and the mean of a score of a distribution |
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| normal distribution (bell curve) |
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| standardization and z-scores |
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-converts raw scores into standard deviation units -how far above or below the mean a score is in sdu -allows for comparisons of apples and oranges |
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| always there because of how samples are drawn, generally 5%...confidence level |
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as long as you have a large enough sample, sampling distribution of the mean will be normally distributed -more than 30 samples are needed |
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| comparing two groups' mean scores |
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| extension of the t-test and used to investigate several independent variables simultaneously |
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| measures how two variables change in relationship to another |
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uses association between two variables to make predictions -_____to the normal curve |
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| parametric and nonparametric |
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value that compares observed with expected frequencies -if the value equals or exceeds value on table, then statistically significant -use on content analysis, observation, experiment |
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| same as x2 but two or more variables are tested at the same time |
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-compare scores from diff. methods
-one of the most used stats |
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