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| Different models of law enforcement: |
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Core components:
1.Law Enforcement
2.Courts
3.Corrections |
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| 5 parts of Police mission. |
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1.Enforce support laws,of society
2.Investigate crimes & apprehend offenders
3.Prevent crime
4.Help ensure domestic peace and transquility
5.Provide community with enforcement realated activitys. |
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| Different stages in criminal prosses: |
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| 1.Warrant 2.Booking 3.Bail 4.probable 5.Info 6.Inditment 7.Grand Jury Cause 8. Arainment 9.sentence |
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| sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts |
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| embraces all aspects of civilized life and is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and cultural beliefs of right and wrong. |
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| a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crime. |
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| a warning that is required to be given by police in the United States to criminal suspects in police custody (or in a custodial situation) before they are interrogated to inform them about their constitutional rights. |
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| was a landmark 5–4 decision of the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that both inculpatory and exculpatory statements made in response to interrogation by a defendant in police custody will be admissible at trial only if the prosecution can show that the defendant was informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning and of the right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police, |
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| warrantless seizure of items from a private residence constitutes a violation of the Fourth Amendment.[1] It also set forth the exclusionary rule that prohibits admission of illegally obtained evidence in federal courts |
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| Fourth Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures is not violated when a police officer stops a suspect on the street and searches him without probable cause to arrest, if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime. |
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| United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as federal courts. |
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| Froot of posiones tree”Silverthorne Lumber” |
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| is a legal metaphor in the United States used to describe evidence that is obtained illegally.[1] The logic of the terminology is that if the source of the evidence (the "tree") is tainted, then anything gained from it (the "fruit") is as well. |
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| more then one sentence life sentences |
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| patriot act: 911 reports comunication between agencys |
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| Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001.[1] |
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| US supreme court eras: Warren Era: |
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| Warren Court (1953–1969) substantive due process civil liberties, that many guarantees of the Bill of Rights apply to the states (e.g., Mapp v. Ohio,[33] Miranda v. Arizona |
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| (Roe v. Wade)affirmative action death penalty unconstitutional (Furman v. Georgia);[40] |
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| Bush v. Gore, federalism,[43] which included restrictions on Congressional power under both the Commerce Clause |
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| Study constution chart: amendments: 4th |
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| is serch and seizure, the right against arrest without probable cause. |
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| due process= prosedureall law or fairness, self incrimination,against double jepordy. |
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| due prossecss of the law,right to speedy trial, to a jury trial,right to know the charges, right to cross examine witness, right to a lawyer, compel witness on ones behalf. |
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| right to reasonable bale,right against exsess fines, right against cruel and unusual punishment. |
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| the applicibillity of constutushinal rights to all citizens, regardless of state law procedure. |
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| Know part one definitions of UCR: |
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| Violent Crime: murder, rape, robbery, assault Property Crime: burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson |
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| a legal maxim according to which no one is immune to the law. |
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| is the theory and philosophy of law |
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| also known as case law, is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action |
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| relates to activitys of industry business. |
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| in many common law legal systems, is a "lesser" criminal act. Misdemeanors are generally punished much less severely than felonies, but theoretically more so than administrative infractions (also known as regulatory offenses). Many misdemeanors are punished with monetary fines |
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| is a serious crime in the common law countries, and the United States retains this law. The term originates from English common law where felonies were originally crimes which involved the confiscation of a convicted person's land and goods; other crimes were called misdemeanors. Many common law countries have now abolished the felony/misdemeanor distinction and replaced it with other distinctions such as between indictable offences and summary offences |
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| concurring Know about motive is it required. |
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| 1908:computer task force anti terrorism DNA data base |
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| State Police forces Sentrolised: |
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| Utah have own UHP and Utah state divison of criminal affairs |
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| a division of a law enforcement agency which investigates cases of lawbreaking by members of that agency |
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| is best way to prevent corruption for Police |
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| is not the shoot to kill rule |
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| imply you need to answer a question |
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| unable or not free to leave |
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| a reasonable belief a person has committed a crime time and place. |
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| What type of officer is most likely to be killed: |
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| Courts general jurisdiction: |
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| Federal & district courts: |
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| Are General jurisdiction. |
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| Both civil and criminal cases are filed in the district court |
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| Federal court:"Not Entiltled to a appeal" |
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| comprises the Judiciary Branch of government organized under the Constitution and laws of the federal government of the United States |
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| is the power to hear a case for the first time as opposed to appellate jurisdiction when a court has the power to review a lower court's decision. |
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| The lawful Authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court. |
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| 9 justices, limited original jurisdiction highest court and Judges are appointed for life. |
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| "New trial"appealed to a general jurisdiction retrial |
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| inform of charges talk about bail no witness, you have 48hrs till from time arrested to 1st appearance in court |
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| How many courts of appeals or circuits courts: |
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| case found that Supreme Court has authority to interpret the law |
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| Innocent, not guilty, guilty |
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| Attorney appointed trigger: |
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| is any significant imprisonment |
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| is a group of usually twelve jurors who have been directed by the judge in the case that they will be held in accommodations, away from news, media and other sources of information that might sway their attention in the case until such time as they trial is over and they have reached a verdict or determined they are a hung jury |
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| also known as forswearing, is the willful act of swearing a false oath or affirmation to tell the truth |
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| Key figures in a courtroom: |
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| judges, court reporter (in superior court), clerk and bailiff. Other central people are the attorneys, plaintiff, defendant, witnesses and jurors |
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| Prosecutors:"Most powerful is the discression of prosicuter" |
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| more lenient to females and do discriminate towards minorities |
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| 1.Selection of a Jury 2.Opening Statements 3.Testimony of Witnesses and Presentation of Evidence 4.Selection and Preparation of Jury Instructions 5. Jury Instructions Presented to the Jury 6.Closing Arguments 7.Jury Deliberations 8.Verdict of Jury |
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| is the legal term for moving a trial to a new location |
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| The right to challenge a juror without assigning, or being required to assign, a reason for the challenge. |
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| a request that a prospective juror be dismissed because there is a specific and forceful reason to believe the person cannot be fair, unbiased or capable of serving as a juror. |
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| An objection or protest to certain persons selected for a jury. If a man is not qualified to serve, or if he is supposed to be biassed, he may be challenged. In capital cases a prisoner may challenge persons without assigning any reason, and in cases of treason as many as thirty-five |
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| The right to a speedy trial: |
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| guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment, is intended to ensure that defendants are not subjected to unreasonably lengthy incarceration prior to a fair trial. |
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| 30 days to bring to trial? |
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| in law, is any information or evidence presented to the court regarding the defendant or the circumstances of the crime that might result in reduced charges or a lesser sentence |
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| Any fact or circumstance that increases the severity or culpability of a criminal act. Aggravating factors include recidivism, lack of remorse, amount of harm to the victim, or committing the crime in front of a child, among many others. The recognition of particular aggravating factors varies by jurisdiction |
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| sentence in terms of positively preventing (rather than merely deterring) future offending |
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| which holds that punishment is a necessary consequence of a crime and should be calculated based on the gravity of the wrong done. Deterrence can be divided into three separate categories. |
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| To restore to useful life, as through therapy and education or To restore to good condition, operation, or capacity |
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| The Act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator |
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| to deter criminal behavior through the fear of punishment |
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| an attempt to make the victims whole again. |
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| punishments ought to be proportional to the crime |
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| day fine or unit fine is a unit of fine payment that, above a minimum fine, is based on the offender's daily personal income |
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| is a court decision setting where judicial discretion is limited by law. Typically, people convicted of certain crimes must be punished with at least a minimum number of years in prison. |
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| the state courts to hand down a mandatory and extended period of incarceration to persons who have been convicted of a serious criminal offense on three or more separate occasions. |
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| Pre sentencing report is handed downd from a ?: |
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| Probation:"criminal court" |
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| is a sentence which may be imposed by a criminal court, in lieu of incarceration. A criminal who is "on probation" could be considered as convicted of a crime, but has served only part of the sentence in prison, or has not served time at all |
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| Parole:"Parole board"? can murders be given Parole? YES |
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| the decision of whether an inmate is paroled is vested in a paroling authority such as a parole board |
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| investigate and supervise defendants who have not yet been sentenced to a term of incarceration |
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| parole officers supervise offenders released from incarceration after a review and consideration of a warden, parole board or other parole authority. |
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| Super Max Prison:"Largest is MAD MAX in Flawrence,Colorado |
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| As the name implies, the custody level goes beyond Maximum by segregating the "worst of the worst" criminals and terrorists who pose a threat to national security. |
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| Administrative security is a classification of prisons or detention centers that are for a specific purpose, such as housing mentally ill offenders. These range in levels of security |
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| A custody level in which both design and construction as well as inmate classification reflect the need to provide maximum external and internal control and supervision of inmates primarily through the use of high security |
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| The "Middle Ground" for violent crimes, High security institutions have highly-secured perimeters |
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| A custody level in which design and construction as well as inmate classification reflect the need to provide secure external and internal control and supervision of inmates. |
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| Close Security prisons are institutions which but w house inmates too dangerous for Low Security,ho did not commit a crime worthy of incarceration in a Medium Security Facility |
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| A custody level in which both the design and construction as well as inmate classification reflect the goal of returning to the inmate a greater sense of personal responsibility |
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| The Lowest Level of Security to which an inmate can be assigned directly. This type of Prison is typically a "Prison Farm", |
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| A custody level in which both design and construction as well as inmate classification reflect the goal of restoring to the inmate maximum responsibility and control of their own behavior |
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| Do Females get the highest paying jobs in prison work? |
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| or retroactive law, is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences (or status) of actions committed or relationships that existed prior to the enactment of the law. |
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| what state reinstituded the chain gangs: |
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| Who is largest minorities in prison? |
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| waht is the percent of women in prison and Jail? |
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| jail 13% and prison7% and growing |
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