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| Problem solving includes and goes beyond decision making. |
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| Management information systems can reach programmed decisions by providing reports on problems that are routine and in which the relationships are well defined. |
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| Determining the appropriate training program for a new employee, deciding whether to develop a diffrent product line, and weighting the benefits and drawbacks of installing a pollution control system are examples of nonprogrammed decisions. |
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| Optimization models never use problem constraints. |
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| Satisficing models normally look at all possible solutions to a problem. |
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| Satisficing is usually used because modeling the problem properly to get an optimal decision would be too difficult, complex, or costly. |
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| A decision support system (DSS) is an integrated collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices that provides managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organizational goals. |
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| DSSs can often give companies and other organizations a competitive advantage by providing the right information to the right people in the right format and at the right time. |
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| The primary purpose of a DSS is to help an organization achieve its goals by providing managers with insight into the regular operations of the organization so that they can control, organize, and plan more effectively. |
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| One important role of MIS is to provide the right information to the right person in the right format at the right time. |
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| Internal sources of data can include customers, suppliers, competitors, and stockholders, whose data is not already captured by the TPS, as well as other sources, such as the Internet. |
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| Key-indicator reports are used by managers and executives to take quick, corrective action on significant aspects of the business. |
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| The basic goal of computer integrated manufacturing is to determing when finished products, such as automobiles or airplanes, are needed and then to work backward to determine deadlines and resources needed, such as engines and tires, to complete the final product on schedule. |
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| CIM's goal is to tie together all aspects of production, including order processing, product design, manufacturing, inspection and quality control, and shipping. |
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| By using a flexible manufacturing system, the time and cost to change manufacturing jobs can be substantially reduced, and companies can react quickly to market needs and competition. |
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| Customer relationship management (CRM) programs, available from some ERP vendors, help a company manage all aspects of customer encounters. |
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| CRM software can help a compnay collect customer data, contact customers, educated customers on new products, and sell products to customers through a Web site. |
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| The purpose of strategic planning is to conduct a formal study of the market and customer preferences. |
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| Market research involved the conversion of raw materials into finished goods and services and focuses primarily on the physical attributes of the product. |
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| One of the most important functions of any marketing effort is promotion and advertising. |
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| An effective human resource MIS allows a company to keep personnel costs at a minimum, while serving the required business processes needed to achieve corporate goals. |
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| Effective human resource planning often requires computer programs, such as SPSS and SAS, to forecast the future number of employees needed and anticipating the future supply of people for these jobs. |
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| A database management system is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to help make decisions that solve problems. |
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| The focus of a transaction procssing system is on decision-making effectiveness when faced with unstructured or semistructured business problems. |
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| Examples of ad hoc DSSs include systems that support portfolio and investment decisions and production scheduling. |
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| At the core of a MIS are a database and a model base. |
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| The database management system allows managers and decision makers to perfrom qualitative analysis on the company's vast stores of data in databases, data warehouses, and data marts. |
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| Data-driven DSSs tap into vast stores of information contained in the corporate database, retrieving information on inventory, sales, personel, production, finance, accounting, and other areas. |
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| The dialogue manager allows users to interact with the DSS to obtain information. |
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| Most GSSs can keep detailed records of a meeting automatically. |
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| The first stage in the problem-solving process is the ___ stage. |
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| In the ___ stage of the problem-solving process, you develop alternative solutions to the problem. |
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| The last stage fo the decision-making phase, the ___ stage, requires selecting a course of action. |
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| During the ___ stage of the problem-solving process, you identify and define potential problems or opportunities. |
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| During the ___ stage of the problem-solving process, you investigate resource and environmental constraints. |
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| During the ___ stage of the problem-solving process, decision makers evaluate the implementation to determine whether the anticipated results were achieved and to modify the process in light of new information. |
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| A(n) ___ model is one that finds a good -- but not necessarily the best -- problem solution. |
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| ___ are commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution. |
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| A(n) ___ report summarizes the previous day's critical activities and is typically available at the beginning of each workday. |
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| ____ reports are developed to provide certain information upon request. |
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| ___ reports are automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires management action. |
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| ___ reports provide increasingly detailed data about a situation. |
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| The subsystems and outputs in a ___ MIS monitor and control the flow of materials, products, and services through the organization. |
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| The ___ is calculated to minimize total inventory costs. |
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| An inventory technique used when the demand for one item depends on the demand for another is called ___. |
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| material requirements planning |
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| ___ is an approach that maintains inventory at the lowest levels without sacrificing the availability of finished products. |
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| Computers can directly control manufacturing equipment, using systems called ___. |
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| computer-assisted manufacturing |
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| ____ uses computers to link the components of the production process into an effective system. |
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| Computer-integrated manufacturing |
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| A ___ supports managerial activities in product development, distribution, pricing decisions, promotional effectiveness, and sales forecasting. |
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| A(n) ___ is concerned with activities related to previous, current, and potential employees of the organization. |
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| A(n) ____ performs a number of important activities, provide aggregate information on accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and many other applications. |
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| A(n) ___ is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, that is, data identified according to its location. |
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| geographic information system |
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| A(n) ___ enables users to pair maps or map outlines with tabular data to describe aspects of a particular geographic region. |
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| geographic information system |
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| A ___ allows managers and decision makers to perform quantitative analysis on both internal and external data. |
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| ___ is often used to coordinate the use of models in a DSS, including financial, statistical analysis, graphical, and project-management models. |
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| Model management software |
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| A ___ consists of most of the elements in a DSS, plus software to provide effective support in group decision-making settings. |
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| The ___ approach is a decision-making approach in which gorup decision makers are geographically dispersed. |
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| The ___ approach to decision-making encourages diversity among group members and fosters creativity and original thinking in decision making. |
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| The ___ approach is a decision-making approach that forces members in the group to reach a unanimous decision. |
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| ___ is a decision-making approach that often consists of members offering ideas "off the top of their heads". |
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| The ___ approach is a decision-making approach that encourages feedback from individual group members and makes the final decision by voting. |
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| ____ occurs when members of group assume that they have made the right decision without examining alternatives. |
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| The ___ can be used when group members are located in the same building or geographic area and under conditions in which group decision making is frequent. |
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| local area decision network |
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| The ___ is used when the decision frequency is high and the location of group members is distant. |
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Definition
| wide area decision network |
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| ___ is used when the decision frequency is low and the locatio of group members is distant. |
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| ___ allow teams of people located around the world to work on common problems. |
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| A(n) ___ is a specialized DSS that includes all hardware, software, data, procedures, and people used to assist senior-level executives within the organization. |
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| In some cases, a(n) ___ supports decision making of members of the board of directors, who are responsible to stockholders. |
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| ___ involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, predicting future trends, and projecting the development of new product lines. |
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| ____ involves planning the acquisition of new equipment, analyzing merger possibilities, and making difficult decisions concerning downsizing and the sale of assets if required by unfavorable economic conditions. |
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