Term
Sant' Ambrogio, Milan (1080-1140):
- Italian Romanesque (Lombard School) - Northern Italy
- installed galleries which help(ed) to buttress the nave vaults
- has a 3-aisled basilica (alternating compound piers in basilica)
- Atrium Campanile has blind arches
- bracing is used in archways
- load-holding, compound piers are stationed throughout basilica
- extravagent artwork throughout the church |
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Definition
| blind arches: is an arch found in the wall of a building which has been filled with solid construction so it cannot serve as a passageway or window |
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San Minato al Monte, Florence (1062-90):
- Italian Romanesque (Tuscan Shool) - Central Italy
- facade finished in 12th Century (simple silhouette)
- has strong geometric patterns
- has 3-aisled basilica
- NO transepts & conservative framing
- NO masonry vaulting except in apse
- diaphragm arch spanning the nave |
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Definition
| transept: the area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform ("cross-shaped") building in Romanesque & Gothic Christian-church architecture |
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Cathedral Group in Pisa (1064, 1089-1272):
- Italian Romanesque (Tuscan School) - Central Italy
- Busketo/Busketus (architect)
- has a marble arcade
- aisles are groin vaulted (zebra-stripe pattern) |
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Definition
arcade: a succession of arches, each counter-thrusting the next, supported by columns/piers, or a covered walk enclosed by a line of suh arches on one or both sides
groin vault: an architectural element produced by the intersection at right angles of 2 barrel vaults (the word "groin" refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults) |
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Monreale Cathedral (Santa Maria la Nouva, Monreale) (1174-83):
- Italian Romanesque (Sicilian School) - Southern Italy
- begun under rule of William II
- current facade is NOT the original
- facade faces the Piazza
- has a lot of Byzantine/Muslim influence
- built on a hillside
- has interlaced, pointed arches, and east-end is overly decorated (apse has many mozaics)
- double columns (altering motifs and designs) surrounding the cloister |
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Definition
apse: a semicirular recess coverd with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome (protrudes from a usually flat, vertical side surface of a building)
cloister: a rectangular open space surrounded by covered walks or ope galleries, with open arcades on the inner side, running along the walls of the building and forming a qradrangle |
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Term
St. Sernin, Toulouse (1077-1119)
- Pilgrimage Church (most known and most often visited of all the Pilgrimage churches)
- has radiating chaples and a detailed arcade system
- bellfree is located above the nave (nave is dark because of the gallery level)
- has banded barrel vaults, quadrant vaults, groin vaults, and diaphragm arches |
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Definition
nave: the central approach to the altar, and the overall main body of the church
barrel vault: (also known as tunnel or wagon vaults), an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve, or pair of curves, in the case of a barrel vault, along a given distance
quadrant vault: a curve in a wall of a vaulted ceiling (generally an arc of 90 degrees)
diaphragm arch: a transverse wall-bearing arch forming a partial wall dividing a vault or ceiling into compartments |
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St. Martin at Tours (built around 1096):
- Pilgrimage Church
- NO LONGER EXISTS!!! |
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St. Foy at Conques (1050-1130):
- Pilgrimage Church (smallesy of all 5 Pilgrimage churches)
- set into a hillside (naturally beautiful view)
- alternating pier shape (rounded and squared off)
- very dark aisles, but lighted chaples and nave
- highly decorated tympanum (depiction of the "Last Judgement" w/ Charlemagne's family and others waiting to be judged by Christ)
- octagonal arch/dome built upon a squinch |
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Definition
pier: an upright support for a superstructure, such as an arch or a bridge
tympanum: a semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance bounded by a lintel, or beam, and arch (often contains sculptures or other ornaments)
squinch: a piece of onstruction used for filling in the upper angles of a square room in order to form a proper base for an octagonal or spherical dome |
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St. Martial at Limoges (1065):
- Pilgrimage Church
- NO LONGER EXISTS!!! |
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Definition
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Santiago de Compestela (mid-1070's):
- Pilgrimage Churh (the end goal of the Pilgrimage)
- functions as a shrine to St. James and a church
- ALL vaults have transverse arches
- alternating pier-shaft (rounded, square, rounded, etc.)
- 4-horse fountain in plaza (located in the cloister)
- circular apse has tunnel vaults
- more of a Baroque building, somewhat, rather than a Romanesque |
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Definition
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Extra Vocabulary:
transverse arch = diaphragm arch
cloister vault: a vault resulting from the intersection of 2 barrel vaults crossing at a right angle
chevet: when apses are built as radiating chaples outside of the choir aisles
lombard bands: a decorative blind arcade, visual exterior (false arches usually wrapping around an outside surface), often used during Romanesque and Gothic periods or architecture
westwerk: the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian/Romanesque church
horseshoe arch: the emblematic arch of Islamic architecture, and can take a rounded, pointed or lobed form
ribbed vault: the intersetion of 2 or 3 barrel vaults when they are edged w/ an armature of piped masonry often carved into deorative patterns |
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