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pupil of Nicola Pisano
instrumental in formulating Italian tomb type
Famous works include: Charles I of Anjou statue, S. Peter @ Vatican bronze and marble, DeBraye Tomb (1282) , Florence Cathedral Facade sculptures
Thought to be the architect of Palazzo Vechhio & Santa Croce
Earliest architect of Firenze |
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ARTIST: Di Cambio
DATE: 1277
Charles I of Anjou
He ruled Southern Italy in 1277
First Anjevin king of southern Italy
Made in the spirit of old marble Roman senator sculptures
Commissioned by Pope
Realistic carving and portrayal.
Drapery very classical, even emphasized body |
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ARTIST: Di Cambio
DATE: 1282
Tomb of Dominican Bishop of Orvieto
Gold and cream inlay marble
Has elements of Camaino Tombs, except for caryatids
Reclined effigy – very realistic, sunken eyes, jowly, hands crossed across chest
Curtain angels
Madonna enthroned set into wall niche, classical poofy hair |
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ARITST: Giotto
DATE: 1310
Ognissanti Madonna
Madonna more human, speaking to us, lips parted, teeth showing
Flanked by saints and angels , no longer hover, stand solidly in place, foreground angels kneel
Stairs in front of throne create space
Master of chiaroscuro |
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Famous works include:
Fragmentary Last Judgment in Church of St. Cecille
Mosaic series of Life of Virgin in Santa Maria Trasteverae
Cycle of St. Francis in upper church of San Francesco Assisi |
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ARTIST: Pietro Cavallini
DATE: 1291
Birth of the Virgin Mosaic in S. Maria in Trastevere
7 apse mosaic panel series
Central Mary and Christ in roundel flanked by S .Peter and Paul w/ funding patron kneeling next to coat of arms and inscription
Birth of Virgin solid figures, chiaroscuro, well proportioned, interaction between one another |
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born 1267-1337
Famous during lifetime
Major starting point of Renaissance and shifted from Byzantine style
Designed Florence Belltower
Famous works include: Ognissanti Madonna and Arena Chapel |
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ARIST: Giotto
DATE: 1303
Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel
Palace chapel erected by Enrico Scorvegni, obtained land in 1300, building completed 1303, money obtained through “usury,” chapel was built as an attempt to negate the sin
Frescoes dated 1303-1306
Three registers of narratives
first: life of Mary, other
two: Life of Christ Virtues and Vices below
One to one comparisons to Dante's Inferno
Virutes – Theological and Cardinal virtues, not unusual
Vices – not the usual choices, not sure why they were selected other than they contrast with selected virtues |
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| A style of monochromatic painting in shades of gray, used especially to create the illusion of sculpture |
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An Italo-Byzantine style painter
Famous Works include: Virgin and Child Enthroned (with six angels above) in St. Domenico in Siena |
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1300-1347
Some call greatest follower of Giotto
Very little known prior to 1330s
Famous works include: Florence Baptistry Bronze Doors, Florence Belltower |
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ARTIST: Andrea Pisano
DATE: 1337
Florence Belltower
Worked out program of reliefs for three levels of Florence Belltower
Hexegons below (Adam and Eve, humankinds self-improvement)
diamonds (series of 7s: planets, virtues, arts and sacraments)
Life sized niche figures of prophets and sibyls |
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Significant in pioneering the formats of Italian art
Small traveling triptych
Polyptych
Most famous works include: Ruccelai Madonna and Maesta |
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| A work consisting of four or more painted or carved panels that are hinged together |
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ARTIST: Duccio
DATE: 1285
Rucellai Madonna
Made for Santa Maria Novella
Heritage of Byzantine tradition
Appealing gaze
Angels are nicely modeled, hover on nothing
Golden hemline
Throne at slight angle, decorative touches |
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ARTIST: Duccio
DATE: 1308 -1311
Maesta (Madonna in Majesty)
First major example of pradella
Pinacle scenes up top painted on two sides
Tapestry like splashes of color
Avoids monotony, figures different from one another
Appealing face of Mary
Traces of Byzantine style remain
Graphic quality sacrificed for shadow |
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| paintings or sculptures running along the frame at the bottom of an altarpiece |
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Died in 1344
Married sister of another painter, Lippo Memmi
Representative of Sienese gov
Friends with Petrarch
Famous works include:
Maesta at Palazzo Publico
St. Louis of Toulouse altarpiece
Beato Agostino novello altarpiece
Road to Calvary |
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ARIST: Martini
DATE: 1315
Maesta
Based on Duccio
Freer with arrangement of figures (not quite so registered).
French elements—throne architecture,
Joseph-Master facial style |
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| ARTITS: Martini DATE: 1317 Intricately detailed Predella—tells viewer where to stand. Statement of Anjevin legitimacy in Southern Italy, especially that of King Robert the Wise |
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ARIST: Martini
DATE: 1329
Beato Agostino novello altarpiece
People falling, Agostino flying.
Most important: narrative scenes, figure to surroundings relationship that is much more accurate than ever before |
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ARIST: Martini
DATE: 1333
Annunciation
Siena Cathedral altarpiece
Soft, feathery figures—moving toward realism
Space is clearly present (see: floor, turns gold background into a rear wall).
Most important: narrative takes center stage 19th century frame |
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ARTIST: Martini
DATE: 1340s
Road to Calvary
Painted in Avignon
Influential in spread of Italian style to Northern Europe
Brilliant colors
Weightier, more expressive figures
Figures spilling out of Jerusalem |
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| In Italian Tombs and other religious art, curtains draw analogy between entombment and representations of entombment of Christ |
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ARTIST: Arnolfo
DATE: 1296 (construction begins)
Florence Cathedral
Also planned and executed original façade decoration (in part)
Arnolfo’s figures: (c. 1300) - Madonna and Child, Santa Reparata |
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ARTIST: Cavallini
DATE: 1285
Last Judgment, Santa Cecilia, Rome
Disciples look like they’re carrying rifles
Drapery that falls around the body
Natural figures, modeled in light and shadow (chiaroscuro)
Individualized characters |
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| Life of Saint Francis, Upper Church, San Francesco in Assisi |
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ARTIST: Cavallini
DATE: 1291
Life of Saint Francis, Upper Church, San Francesco in Assisi
also attributed to Giotto
Fresco cycle |
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ARTIST: Giotto
DATE: 1290
Santa Maria Novella Crucifix
Simplified
Recalls Cimabue (Giotto’s teacher)—blank aprons
Christ more fully falls under his own weight, out towards us (his butt is to the right, not the left)
Realistic loincloth, reveals muscle underneath
Fully dead Christ—Christus mortus |
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ARTIST: Pisano
DATE: 1330-1336
Bronze Doors, Florentine Baptistery
Top 20: life of Saint John the Baptist (patron of Baptistery, Florence)
Bottom 8 panels: 3 theological virtues, four cardinal virtues, and humility
Just the essentials, solid figures, skimpy backgrounds, surrounded by quatrefoils
19/20 narrative scenes—drawn from Peruzzi Chapel
Carrying of the Body of the Baptist for Burial—not drawn from any previous inspiration |
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ARTIST: Guido
DATE: 1260s, 1270s
Crucifixion
sharp lines, linear, few indications of architecture |
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ARTIST: Di Cambio
DATE: 1300
Madonna and Child on Florence Cathedral
Again, frontal, solid, massive—Giottesque
Florentine style, drapery that reveals the form and falls around the body |
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| Santa Reparata - Florence Cathedral |
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ARTIST: Di Cambio
DATE: 1300
Patroness of earlier cathedral of Florence
Carries a basket, looks up (to Madonna and Child)
More Classicizing, especially in facial type. |
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ARTIST: Giotto
DATE: 1303
Prudence
Arena Chapel Virtue |
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ARTIST: Giotto
DATE: 1303
Foolishness
Arena Chapel Vice
Flipping Jesus off Italian style |
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ARTIST: Giotto
DATE: 1303
Expulsion of Joachim from the Temple, Arena Chapel
massive, space-creating figures, well-modeled in consistent light and shadow
relatively simple figures and setting (essentials only) |
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ARTIST: Giotto
DATE: 1303
Annunciation to Anna, Arena Chapel
Nocturne
Woman spinning on porch (possibly represents the portion of humanity that will remain outside the new dispensation of Christ) |
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ARTIST: Giotto
DATE: 1303
Meeting at the Golden Gate
last narrative scene on south side of building on top register
architecture functions as punctuation
theme of encounters is shown here |
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| Feast of Herod and Presentation by Salome of the Head of John the Baptist |
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ARTIST: Giotto
DATE: 1310
Peruzzi Chapel
Fresco a secco
Point of view adjusted for the worshipper |
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ARTIST: Giotto
DATE: Near the end of his life
renewed simplicity, canonical expression of death of a saint. (Damaged image) |
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| Salome presenting the head of the Baptist |
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ARTIST: Pisano
DATE: 1336
Florence Baptistry Doors |
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ARTIST: Duccio
DATE: 1308
Flight into Egypt, Maesta |
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ARTIST: Duccio
DATE: 1308
Christ blindfolded before Caiphas, Peter’s third denial, Maesta |
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