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l, n, d, t, r
produced with the tip of the tongue on/near the teeth |
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must carry pitch
b, d, m, n, g |
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t, p, k
unaspirated
no pitch |
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spelled "gli"
-when initial
-when following "n"
-when used in negligere, negligenza, etc |
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[л]-like the ñ in spanish, spelled "gn"
[ŋ]-n followed by [k] or [g] |
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semi consonant
-if a word ends with "i" and is followed by a word that starts with a vowel
-when in a polysyllabic word and "i" shares a notes with another vowel
-when NOT a diphthong/triphthong |
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semi consonant
letter "u"
-when not a diphthong/triphthong and sharing a not with another vowel that follows it
-"qu" or "gu" |
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[j]/[w]
a voiced sound, uttered neither with as open a breath passage as required by a vowel nor with the constriction characteristic of a consonant. It partakes of the characteristics of both vowels and consonants. |
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-falling [a:ŭгa]-two sounds
-rising ['fjorε]-semiconsonantal
-one of the vowels bears the length and stress |
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-3 vowel sounds
-formed mostly by a rising diphthong to which a final "i" is added |
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| flipped or rolled/"r" invades vowel |
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| Italian tongue/English tongue |
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| tongue at rest in the floor of the mouth behind teeth/tongue humped in the back of the mouth with teeth clenched |
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| Italian consonants/english consonants |
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| farther forward in mouth, more precise/farther back |
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| Italian articulations/English articulations |
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| Italian double consonants/English double consonants |
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| contrast between length of single and double/no contrast |
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| Italian vowels/English vowels |
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| Italian Syllables/English Syllables |
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| consonants between vowels belong to following syllable/consonants between vowels belong to previous syllable |
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| Italian pronunciation/English pronunciation |
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| phonetic, monophthongs/unphonetic, diphthongs and triphthongs |
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| Italian sound/English sound |
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| legato, vowel to vowel/consonant to consonant |
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-between vowels
-final "r" in a word but followed by a vowel in the next word |
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-initial
-final "r" and not followed by a vowel in the next word
-next to another consonant
-doubled |
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-shorten the preceding vowel
-stop the flow of sound |
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| signify where the stress is |
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| signify appocopations and do not affect pronunciation |
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[z]
-preceding a voiced consonant
-single between vowels |
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[s]
-initial and followed by a vowel
-preceding an unvoiced consonant
-doubled
-final |
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| [ga], [gɔ], [gu]/[dζi], [dζe] |
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| [ka], [kɔ], [ku]/ [t∫i], [t∫e] |
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| [ska], [skɔ], [sku]/[∫i], [∫e] |
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| doubling a consonant if it's not written that way, according to where it lies in the phrase |
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dividing syllables
(consecutive vowels) |
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-two strong=separate syllables
-weak and strong=combine to same syllable |
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dividing syllables
(intervocalic consonants) |
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-single=placed w/ following syllable
-double=separated between syllables
-two=MERLIN
=or both on second syllable
-three=1st on previous syllable, others on second
=or "s" rule |
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-penultimate
-accented
-appoccopated-final |
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| Open vs. Closed "e" and "o" |
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unstressed=open
stressed=look it up |
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| closed final "e" exeptions |
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-ché
-tré
-3 personal pronouns
me
te
sé
-other
re
fé
mercé
né
é
e
ed |
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| speech sounds characterized by a constriction or stoppage of the flow of breath by the organs of speech |
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| continuous speech sounds produced without constriction or obstruction in the pharynx and mouth |
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| produced with the blade of the tongue and the hard palate |
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| formed with the back of the tongue and the soft palate [k] |
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| the glottis is closed [h] |
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| a single phonetic unit of sound |
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| variants of phoneme pronunciation |
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| [i], [I], [e], [ε], [æ], [a] |
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